膜糖缀合物作为酒精作用的潜在介质。

Membrane glycoconjugates as potential mediators of alcohol effects.

Klemm W R

Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Texas A&M University, College Station.

Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1987;11(6):633-58. doi: 10.1016/0278-5846(87)90001-7.

Abstract

Membrane glycoconjugates include glycoproteins and glycolipids that have many important functions in a wide variety of tissues, especially brain. 2. Alcohol's ability to fluidize and swell plasma membranes could be expected to alter the orientation and conformation of the embedded glycoconjugates. 3. Both kinds of glycoconjugates can contain terminal moieties of sialic acid, which has been shown to be decreased by single doses of alcohol. Chronic exposure to alcohol may have no effect on sialic acid, except in very young animals. 4. Glycolipids containing sialic acid (gangliosides) are also decreased by acute doses of alcohol, but chronic alcohol has little effect. Thus, gangliosides may have a role in the development and expression of tolerance. 5. Glycoproteins containing sialic acid may also be involved in alcohol action, but there has been less research in this area. 6. Alcohol-induced disruptions in membrane glycoconjugates could affect the important cellular functions that glycoconjugates have, and thus research on alcohol effects on glycoconjugates could lead to important discoveries of diagnostic and therapeutic value for alcohol abuse and alcoholism.

摘要

膜糖缀合物包括糖蛋白和糖脂，它们在多种组织尤其是大脑中具有许多重要功能。2. 酒精使质膜流化和膨胀的能力可能会改变嵌入的糖缀合物的方向和构象。3. 这两种糖缀合物都可能含有唾液酸末端基团，单剂量酒精已显示会使其减少。长期接触酒精可能对唾液酸没有影响，但在非常年幼的动物中除外。4. 含唾液酸的糖脂（神经节苷脂）也会因急性剂量的酒精而减少，但长期饮酒影响不大。因此，神经节苷脂可能在耐受性的发展和表达中起作用。5. 含唾液酸的糖蛋白也可能参与酒精作用，但该领域的研究较少。6. 酒精引起的膜糖缀合物破坏可能会影响糖缀合物所具有的重要细胞功能，因此关于酒精对糖缀合物影响的研究可能会带来对酒精滥用和酒精中毒具有诊断和治疗价值的重要发现。