Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Isabel I, 09003 Burgos, Spain.
Society, Sports and Physical Exercise Research Group (GIKAFIT), Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
Nutrients. 2020 Nov 28;12(12):3664. doi: 10.3390/nu12123664.
Considering nutrition education interventions have been frequently implemented in team sport athletes and have shown promising results, this study aimed to summarize the effects of nutrition education interventions on eating habits, nutrition knowledge, body composition, and physical performance in team sport athletes. A systematic review was conducted using the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus. A total of 14 studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated, and each study was assessed according to the analyzed variables (i.e., eating habits, nutrition knowledge, body composition, and physical performance). Most studies showed improvements in or maintenance of variables used to indicate eating habits, nutrition knowledge, and body composition. However, limited studies examined the effect of nutrition education interventions on physical performance, with existing studies demonstrating disparate results. These findings suggest implementation of nutrition education interventions in team sport athletes could be an effective strategy to improve their eating habits, nutrition knowledge, and body composition. Due to the heterogeneity across the included studies regarding sport modality, competition level, age, and sex of the athletes investigated, as well as the intervention type adopted (i.e., online or face-to-face), it is difficult to establish optimal nutrition education interventions for each analyzed variable.
考虑到营养教育干预措施在团队运动运动员中经常实施，并取得了有希望的结果，本研究旨在总结营养教育干预对团队运动运动员饮食习惯、营养知识、身体成分和身体表现的影响。使用以下数据库进行了系统评价：PubMed/MEDLINE、Web of Science 和 SPORTDiscus。共有 14 项研究符合综述的纳入标准。评估了纳入研究的方法学质量，并根据分析的变量（即饮食习惯、营养知识、身体成分和身体表现）对每项研究进行评估。大多数研究表明，用于指示饮食习惯、营养知识和身体成分的变量得到了改善或维持。然而，有限的研究检查了营养教育干预对身体表现的影响，现有的研究结果存在差异。这些发现表明，在团队运动运动员中实施营养教育干预可能是改善他们饮食习惯、营养知识和身体成分的有效策略。由于纳入的研究在运动方式、比赛水平、运动员年龄和性别以及所采用的干预类型（即在线或面对面）方面存在异质性，因此难以为每个分析变量确定最佳的营养教育干预措施。
