Sahin Onur, Meiyazhagan Ashokkumar, Ajayan Pulickel M, Krishnan Sunil
Department of Materials Science & NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Mayo 1N, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
Cancers (Basel). 2020 Nov 28;12(12):3559. doi: 10.3390/cancers12123559.
Nanoparticles activated by external beams, such as ionizing radiation, laser light, or magnetic fields, have attracted significant research interest as a possible modality for treating solid tumors. From producing hyperthermic conditions to generating reactive oxygen species, a wide range of externally activated mechanisms have been explored for producing cytotoxicity within tumors with high spatiotemporal control. To further improve tumoricidal effects, recent trends in the literature have focused on stimulating the immune system through externally activated treatment strategies that result in immunogenic cell death. By releasing inflammatory compounds known to initiate an immune response, treatment methods can take advantage of immune system pathways for a durable and robust systemic anti-tumor response. In this review, we discuss recent advancements in radiosensitizing and hyperthermic nanoparticles that have been tuned for promoting immunogenic cell death. Our review covers both preclinical and clinical results, as well as an overview of possible future work.
由外部光束激活的纳米颗粒，如电离辐射、激光或磁场，作为一种治疗实体瘤的可能方式已引起了重大研究兴趣。从产生热疗条件到产生活性氧，人们已经探索了多种外部激活机制，以在肿瘤内产生具有高时空控制的细胞毒性。为了进一步提高杀肿瘤效果，文献中的最新趋势集中在通过导致免疫原性细胞死亡的外部激活治疗策略来刺激免疫系统。通过释放已知可引发免疫反应的炎症化合物，治疗方法可以利用免疫系统途径产生持久而强大的全身抗肿瘤反应。在本综述中，我们讨论了为促进免疫原性细胞死亡而进行优化的放射增敏和热疗纳米颗粒的最新进展。我们的综述涵盖了临床前和临床结果，以及对未来可能工作的概述。
