Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico.
Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Nov 28;17(23):8866. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17238866.
Advances generated in medicine, science, and technology have contributed to a better quality of life in recent years; however, antimicrobial resistance has also benefited from these advances, creating various environmental and health problems. Several determinants may explain the problem of antimicrobial resistance, such as wastewater treatment plants that represent a powerful agent for the promotion of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARG), and are an important factor in mitigating the problem. This article focuses on reviewing current technologies for ARB and ARG removal treatments, which include disinfection, constructed wetlands, advanced oxidation processes (AOP), anaerobic, aerobic, or combined treatments, and nanomaterial-based treatments. Some of these technologies are highly intensive, such as AOP; however, other technologies require long treatment times or high doses of oxidizing agents. From this review, it can be concluded that treatment technologies must be significantly enhanced before the environmental and heath problems associated with antimicrobial resistance can be effectively solved. In either case, it is necessary to achieve total removal of bacteria and genes to avoid the possibility of regrowth given by the favorable environmental conditions at treatment plant facilities.
近年来，医学、科学和技术的进步为提高生活质量做出了贡献；然而，抗生素耐药性也得益于这些进步，造成了各种环境和健康问题。一些决定因素可以解释抗生素耐药性问题，例如污水处理厂，它是促进抗生素耐药菌（ARB）和抗生素耐药基因（ARG）的有力因素，也是减轻这一问题的重要因素。本文重点回顾了用于去除 ARB 和 ARG 的现有技术，包括消毒、人工湿地、高级氧化工艺（AOP）、厌氧、好氧或联合处理以及基于纳米材料的处理。其中一些技术的强度很高，例如 AOP；然而，其他技术需要较长的处理时间或高剂量的氧化剂。从这篇综述可以得出结论，在有效解决与抗生素耐药性相关的环境和健康问题之前，必须显著增强处理技术。在任何情况下，都需要彻底去除细菌和基因，以避免在处理厂设施的有利环境条件下再次生长的可能性。
