Department of Hydrology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
Department of Hydrology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
Chemosphere. 2022 Sep;303(Pt 2):135148. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135148. Epub 2022 May 28.
There is a growing concern that the use and misuse of antibiotics can increase the detection of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) in wastewater. Conventional wastewater treatment plants provide a pathway for ARGs and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) to be released into natural water bodies. Research has indicated that conventional primary and secondary treatment systems can reduce ARGs/ARB to varying degrees. However, in developing/low-income countries, only 8-28% of wastewater is treated via conventional treatment processes, resulting in the environment being exposed to high levels of ARGs, ARB and pharmaceuticals in raw sewage. The use of constructed wetlands (CWs) has the potential to provide a low-cost solution for wastewater treatment, with respect to removal of nutrients, pathogens, ARB/ARGs either as a standalone treatment process or when integrated with conventional treatment systems. Recently, CWs have also been employed for the reduction of antibiotic residues, pharmaceuticals, and emerging contaminants. Given the benefits of ARG removal, low cost of construction, maintenance, energy requirement, and performance efficiencies, CWs offer a promising solution for developing/low-income countries. This review promotes a better understanding of the performance efficiency of treatment technologies (both conventional systems and CWs) for the reduction of antibiotics and ARGs/ARB from wastewater and explores workable alternatives.
人们越来越担心，抗生素的使用和滥用会增加废水中抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）的检出率。传统的污水处理厂为 ARGs 和抗生素耐药菌（ARB）释放到自然水体提供了途径。研究表明，传统的一级和二级处理系统可以在不同程度上减少 ARGs/ARB。然而，在发展中国家和低收入国家，只有 8-28%的废水通过传统处理工艺进行处理，导致环境受到未经处理污水中高浓度 ARGs、ARB 和药物的暴露。人工湿地（CWs）具有作为一种低成本的废水处理解决方案的潜力，可去除营养物、病原体、ARB/ARGs，无论是作为独立的处理过程还是与传统处理系统集成。最近，CWs 也被用于减少抗生素残留、药物和新兴污染物。鉴于去除 ARG 的益处、低成本的建设、维护、能源需求和性能效率，CWs 为发展中国家和低收入国家提供了有前途的解决方案。本文综述了处理技术（包括传统系统和 CWs）在减少废水中抗生素和 ARGs/ARB 方面的性能效率，并探讨了可行的替代方案。
