Graduate School of Hanyang University, 222 Wangwimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Feb 1;270:116081. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116081. Epub 2020 Nov 17.
Transport emission factors describe pollutant emissions of vehicles by relating with vehicle activities such as traveled distance. Accurate emission factors are essential for estimating transport emission and making better decision to address air pollution and climate change. In this paper, map-based simulations were used to develop emission factors of CO, NOx and CO based on real-world emissions, as were measured with a Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS). Vehicle dynamic-based simulation model were used to calculated emission factors using the emission maps as input data, which were developed from real-world emissions. We developed emission factors by fuel type, emission regulation, aftertreatment system and engine displacement. Among various factors, the introduction of Real Driving Emission (RDE) regulation had the greatest influence on the emission factor. For diesel LDVs, NOx and CO emission factors of the Euro 6 d-temp vehicles, which have been applied RDE regulation for the first time, were lower than those of the Euro 5 and Euro 6 b/c vehicles. However, the CO emission factors of the Euro 6 d-temp was higher than those of the Euro 5 and Euro 6 b/c vehicles. In addition to calculating emission factors, the proposed methodology provides an improved process that simulate vehicle emissions based on real-world emissions.
交通排放因子通过与行驶里程等车辆活动相关联来描述车辆的污染物排放。准确的排放因子对于估算交通排放以及做出更好的决策以应对空气污染和气候变化至关重要。在本文中，我们使用基于地图的模拟方法，根据使用便携式排放测量系统（PEMS）测量的实际排放，开发了基于 CO、NOx 和 CO 的排放因子。我们使用基于车辆动力学的模拟模型，使用排放图作为输入数据来计算排放因子，这些排放图是根据实际排放开发的。我们按燃料类型、排放法规、后处理系统和发动机排量开发了排放因子。在各种因素中，引入实际行驶排放（RDE）法规对排放因子的影响最大。对于柴油轻型商用车，首次应用 RDE 法规的 Euro 6 d-temp 车辆的 NOx 和 CO 排放因子低于 Euro 5 和 Euro 6 b/c 车辆，但 Euro 6 d-temp 车辆的 CO 排放因子高于 Euro 5 和 Euro 6 b/c 车辆。除了计算排放因子外，所提出的方法还提供了一种改进的过程，可以根据实际排放来模拟车辆排放。
