Yan Jinfeng, Gao Shanshan, Xu Meirong, Su Fenzhen
College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China.
State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2020 Dec 1;192(12):803. doi: 10.1007/s10661-020-08765-6.
Forests and agricultural lands are the main resources on the earth's surface and important indicators of regional ecological environments. In this paper, Landsat images from 1990 and 2017 were used to extract information on forests in Malaysia based on a remote-sensing classification method. The spatial-temporal changes of forests and agricultural lands in Malaysia between 1990 and 2017 were analyzed. The results showed that the natural forests in Malaysia decreased by 441 Mha, a reduction of 21%. The natural forests were mainly converted into plantations in Peninsular Malaysia and plantations and secondary forests in East Malaysia. The area of agricultural lands in Malaysia increased by 55.7%, in which paddy fields increased by 1.1% and plantations increased by 98.2%. Paddy fields in Peninsular Malaysia are mainly distributed in the north-central coast and the Kelantan Delta. The agricultural land in East Malaysia is dominated by plantations, which are mainly distributed in coastal areas. The predictable areas of possible expansion for paddy fields in Peninsular Malaysia's Kelantan (45.2%) and Kedah (16.8%) areas in the future are large, and in addition, the plantations in Sarawak (44.7%) and Sabah (29.6%) of East Malaysia have large areas for expansion. The contradiction between agricultural development and protecting the ecological environment is increasingly prominent. The demand for agriculture is expected to increase further and result in greater pressures on tropical forests. Governments also need to encourage farmers to carry out existing land development, land recultivation, or cooperative development to improve agricultural efficiency and reduce the damage to natural forests.
森林和农业用地是地球表面的主要资源以及区域生态环境的重要指标。本文利用1990年和2017年的陆地卫星图像，基于遥感分类方法提取马来西亚森林信息。分析了1990年至2017年马来西亚森林和农业用地的时空变化。结果表明，马来西亚的天然林减少了441万公顷，减少了21%。天然林主要转变为马来西亚半岛的种植园以及东马来西亚的种植园和次生林。马来西亚的农业用地面积增加了55.7%，其中稻田增加了1.1%，种植园增加了98.2%。马来西亚半岛的稻田主要分布在中北部海岸和吉兰丹三角洲。东马来西亚的农业用地以种植园为主，主要分布在沿海地区。未来马来西亚半岛吉兰丹（45.2%）和吉打（16.8%）地区稻田可能扩张的可预测面积较大，此外，东马来西亚沙捞越（44.7%）和沙巴（29.6%）的种植园有大面积可扩张。农业发展与生态环境保护之间的矛盾日益突出。预计对农业的需求将进一步增加，给热带森林带来更大压力。政府还需要鼓励农民进行现有土地开发、土地复垦或合作开发，以提高农业效率并减少对天然林的破坏。
