Infection and Innate Immunity Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, Washington, DC, USA.
Results Probl Cell Differ. 2020;69:453-468. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-51849-3_17.
Entomopathogenic nematodes are parasitic organisms with an exceptional capacity to infect rapidly and efficiently a wide range of insect species. Their distinct pathogenic properties have established entomopathogenic nematodes as supreme biocontrol agents of insects as well as excellent models to simulate and dissect the molecular and physiological bases of conserved strategies employed by parasitic nematodes that cause infectious diseases in humans. The extreme infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes is due in part to the presence of certain species of Gram-negative bacteria that live in mutualistic symbiosis during the infective juvenile stage, which forms the central part of the nematode life cycle. Both nematodes and their mutualistic bacteria are capable of interfering and undermining several aspects of the insect host innate immune system during the infection process. The mutualistic bacteria are also able to modulate other biological functions in their nematode host including growth, development, and reproduction. In this review, we will focus our attention on the mutualistic relationship between entomopathogenic nematodes and their associated bacteria to discuss the nature and distinct characteristics of the regulatory mechanisms, and their molecular as well as physiological components that control this specific biological partnership.
昆虫病原线虫是一种具有特殊能力的寄生生物，能够快速有效地感染广泛的昆虫物种。它们独特的致病特性使昆虫病原线虫成为昆虫的顶级生物防治剂，也是模拟和剖析寄生线虫在人类传染病中使用的保守策略的分子和生理基础的优秀模型。昆虫病原线虫具有极强的感染力，部分原因是存在某些革兰氏阴性细菌，这些细菌在感染性幼虫阶段处于共生关系中，这构成了线虫生命周期的核心部分。线虫及其共生细菌都能够在感染过程中干扰和破坏昆虫宿主固有免疫系统的几个方面。共生细菌还能够调节其线虫宿主的其他生物学功能，包括生长、发育和繁殖。在这篇综述中，我们将重点关注昆虫病原线虫与其相关细菌之间的共生关系，讨论调控机制的性质和独特特征，以及控制这种特定生物伙伴关系的分子和生理成分。
