School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience Research Hub, Justice and Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Cogn Behav Neurol. 2020 Dec;33(4):233-252. doi: 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000236.
Given the importance of the period of life from 10 to 30 years in terms of cognitive development and education, combined with the high incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) during this period, and limited consensus as to the pattern and degree of cognitive impairment post TBI during this period, we conducted a systematic review to investigate cognitive performance across a range of domains among individuals between the ages of 10 and 30 years who had sustained a TBI. We searched five databases and identified 799 unique records; 52 met our inclusion criteria. These studies reported cognitive function for intelligence, attention, memory, processing speed, and executive function. The majority of the studies reported significant effects, suggesting that TBI is associated with cognitive impairments in these domains. Nine of the studies used physiological tests (EEG and fMRI), the outcomes of which supported behaviorally demonstrated cognitive deficits. In the studies we reviewed, individuals aged 10-30 years who had experienced a TBI performed worse than healthy controls on cognitive function measures-specifically for attention, memory, processing speed, and executive function. In the studies that subjected the individuals with TBI to EEG and fMRI, atypical activation in associated brain regions was demonstrated while the individuals were undergoing cognitive tasks. However, caution should be taken when interpreting the overall results due to the high risk of bias across the majority of the studies. The broader implications of reduced cognitive performance after TBI across this age range are yet to be fully understood.
鉴于 10 至 30 岁这一人生阶段在认知发展和教育方面的重要性，再加上这一时期创伤性脑损伤 (TBI) 的发病率较高，以及对于这一时期 TBI 后认知障碍的模式和程度缺乏共识，我们进行了一项系统综述，旨在调查在经历 TBI 的 10 至 30 岁人群中，一系列认知领域的认知表现。我们在五个数据库中进行了搜索，共确定了 799 份独特的记录；其中 52 份符合我们的纳入标准。这些研究报告了智力、注意力、记忆力、处理速度和执行功能等方面的认知功能。大多数研究报告了显著的影响，表明 TBI 与这些领域的认知障碍有关。其中九项研究使用了生理测试（EEG 和 fMRI），其结果支持了行为表现出的认知缺陷。在我们综述的研究中，经历过 TBI 的 10-30 岁个体在认知功能测试中的表现比健康对照组差，特别是在注意力、记忆力、处理速度和执行功能方面。在对 TBI 个体进行 EEG 和 fMRI 的研究中，当个体进行认知任务时，显示出与大脑区域相关的异常激活。然而，由于大多数研究的高偏倚风险，在解释整体结果时应谨慎。在这一年龄范围内，TBI 后认知表现下降的更广泛影响尚未得到充分理解。
