Martínez Aldo C, Solis Aldo, Díaz Hernández Rojas Rafael, U'Ren Alfred B, Hirsch Jorge G, Pérez Castillo Isaac
Department of Physics, Center for Research in Photonics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton St, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70-543, Cd. Mx., C.P. 04510 Mexico, Mexico.
Entropy (Basel). 2018 Nov 17;20(11):886. doi: 10.3390/e20110886.
Pseudo-random number generators are widely used in many branches of science, mainly in applications related to Monte Carlo methods, although they are deterministic in design and, therefore, unsuitable for tackling fundamental problems in security and cryptography. The natural laws of the microscopic realm provide a fairly simple method to generate non-deterministic sequences of random numbers, based on measurements of quantum states. In practice, however, the experimental devices on which quantum random number generators are based are often unable to pass some tests of randomness. In this review, we briefly discuss two such tests, point out the challenges that we have encountered in experimental implementations and finally present a fairly simple method that successfully generates non-deterministic maximally random sequences.
伪随机数生成器在许多科学分支中广泛使用，主要用于与蒙特卡罗方法相关的应用，尽管它们在设计上是确定性的，因此不适用于解决安全和密码学中的基本问题。微观领域的自然规律提供了一种相当简单的方法来生成基于量子态测量的非确定性随机数序列。然而，实际上，量子随机数生成器所基于的实验设备往往无法通过一些随机性测试。在本综述中，我们简要讨论两种这样的测试，指出我们在实验实现中遇到的挑战，最后提出一种成功生成非确定性最大随机序列的相当简单的方法。
