Frommer Lara, Kahaly George J
Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg Medical Center, Mainz 55131, Germany.
World J Diabetes. 2020 Nov 15;11(11):527-539. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v11.i11.527.
Common autoimmune diseases (AID) tend to occur together in the same individual and families. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by an autoimmune-induced inflammatory destruction of the pancreatic tissue and clusters with several other AID.
To compare the demographic, clinical, and serological features of patients with single T1D those with T1D and associated AID.
From October 1999 to February 2020, a total of 665 patients with T1D and their first-degree relatives were evaluated.
Compared to patients with isolated T1D, those with T1D + AID were older and had a higher female: male ratio. Average patient age and age at disease onset were higher in T1D + AID T1D only. The average time interval between T1D onset and the onset of a second glandular AID was markedly shorter than the time interval between T1D and the occurrence of a non-endocrine AID. T1D-specific autoantibodies were more frequent in patients with T1D + AID and relatives those with T1D only. However, the prevalence of AID and autoantibodies against various tissues were found to be higher in relatives of patients with T1D only compared to relatives of patients with T1D + AID.
Annual serological and subsequent functional screening for AID in patients with T1D and their first-degree relatives is recommended.
常见的自身免疫性疾病（AID）往往在同一个人和家庭中共同出现。1型糖尿病（T1D）是由自身免疫引起的胰腺组织炎症性破坏所致，并与其他几种AID聚集发生。
比较单纯T1D患者与合并T1D及相关AID患者的人口统计学、临床和血清学特征。
1999年10月至2020年2月，共评估了665例T1D患者及其一级亲属。
与单纯T1D患者相比，合并T1D+AID的患者年龄更大，女性与男性比例更高。T1D+AID患者的平均年龄和发病年龄高于单纯T1D患者。T1D发病与第二种腺体AID发病之间的平均时间间隔明显短于T1D与非内分泌AID发生之间的时间间隔。T1D特异性自身抗体在合并T1D+AID的患者及其亲属中比单纯T1D患者更常见。然而，发现单纯T1D患者亲属中AID和针对各种组织的自身抗体患病率高于合并T1D+AID患者的亲属。
建议对T1D患者及其一级亲属每年进行AID的血清学及后续功能筛查。
