Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2021;22(10):1325-1337. doi: 10.2174/1389201021666201203160012.
Nitrate and nitrite can get into the body through the consumption of contaminated water either directly or indirectly. The accumulation of these compounds in the body, in the long run, leads to health problems, for example, digestive disorders, cancers, and even death threats in children. The aim of this review was to investigate nitrate and nitrite pollution levels in drinking water and fruit juices in Iran.
In this review, data were collected through searching the Scientific Information Database, Science-Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Magiran databases using the keywords Nitrate, Nitrite, Drinking water, Drinking Water Resources, Juice and Iran. Finally, the location of the studies was geocoded through the Google My Maps (https://www.google.com/mymaps) software.
Studies clearly indicated that the juices are safe in terms of nitrate. Nitrate and nitrite values were less than the national and international standards in all samples of bottled drinking water except for a few of the studies. The results of the reviewed studies also indicated that the nitrate content was higher than that written on the label in 96% of the samples, and nitrite was not labeled in 80% of them. The nitrate quantity was higher than the permissible limit in the water distribution network of Bushehr, Gilan and Mazandaran Provinces. Talesh, Ardabil, Hashtgerd, Divandareh, and Kerman cities had high nitrate levels in more than 50% of wells.
Using nitrogen fertilizers and the lack of a wastewater treatment system were the main reasons for the presence of nitrate and nitrite.
硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐可以通过直接或间接食用受污染的水进入人体。这些化合物在体内的积累，从长远来看，会导致健康问题，例如消化系统紊乱、癌症，甚至对儿童构成死亡威胁。本综述的目的是调查伊朗饮用水和果汁中的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐污染水平。
在本综述中，通过在 Scientific Information Database、Science-Direct、Scopus、PubMed、Google Scholar 和 Magiran 数据库中使用关键词硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、饮用水、饮用水资源、果汁和伊朗来检索数据。最后，通过 Google My Maps（https://www.google.com/mymaps）软件对研究地点进行地理编码。
研究清楚地表明，果汁在硝酸盐方面是安全的。除了少数研究外，所有瓶装饮用水样本中的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐值均低于国家和国际标准。综述研究的结果还表明，96%的样本中硝酸盐的含量高于标签上标注的含量，80%的样本中没有标注亚硝酸盐。布什尔、吉兰和马赞达兰省的供水中硝酸盐含量高于允许限度。塔莱什、阿尔达比勒、哈什特格尔德、迪万达雷赫和克尔曼市有超过 50%的水井硝酸盐含量较高。
使用氮肥和缺乏废水处理系统是硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐存在的主要原因。
