Kaliyadan Feroze, Alkhars Ahmed Z, Albaqshi Alreem A, AlHajri Hajar M, Albaqshi Norah K, Aldihnayn Rawan M, Almarzooq Zainab Y
Dermatology, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, SAU.
General Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, SAU.
Cureus. 2020 Oct 31;12(10):e11280. doi: 10.7759/cureus.11280.
Introduction Saudi Arabia has a high prevalence of sickle cell disease (SCD). Leg ulceration is one of the complications associated with SCD. There is a gap in the literature in regard to the prevalence of leg ulcers among SCD patients in Saudi Arabia. Objectives The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the lifetime prevalence of leg ulcers in SCD patients in our population and to study the predictive factors of leg ulcers by using sociodemographic factors, clinical manifestations of SCD, and other relevant factors like hydroxyurea. Methods A cross-sectional study design was utilized. Data collection was done using an electronic survey to collect self-reported information for the prevalence of leg ulcers and possible associated factors. The survey was distributed using social media platforms. Chi-square test was used to test for the presence of an association between having leg ulcers and sociodemographic variables as well as SCD related history. Furthermore, binary logistic regression was utilized to determine factors predicting the incidence of leg ulcers among SCD. Results A total of 790 valid responses were included in the study. Among these, 646 were included in the analysis of leg ulcers prevalence. From them, 52 (8%) SCD patients reported a history of leg ulcers. The male to female ratio was (9.7% vs 7.2%). The age group most affected by leg ulcers was those older than 50 (16.7%). There was no significant association between a history of leg ulcers and sociodemographic variables. The only predictive factors for leg ulcers were having six to eight vaso-occlusive crises per month and having more than eight vaso-occlusive crises per month. Conclusion Leg ulcers among SCD patients in Saudi Arabia were considerably prevalent (8%). There was no statistically significant correlation between leg ulceration and sociodemographic variables. Leg ulcers were more likely in patients with a history of highly frequent vaso-occlusive crises. No association was found between the incidence of leg ulcers and other complications of sickle cell disease or hydroxyurea.
引言
沙特阿拉伯镰状细胞病（SCD）的患病率很高。腿部溃疡是与SCD相关的并发症之一。关于沙特阿拉伯SCD患者中腿部溃疡的患病率，文献中存在空白。
目的
本研究的主要目的是评估我们人群中SCD患者腿部溃疡的终生患病率，并通过社会人口统计学因素、SCD的临床表现以及其他相关因素（如羟基脲）来研究腿部溃疡的预测因素。
方法
采用横断面研究设计。通过电子调查收集数据，以收集关于腿部溃疡患病率及可能相关因素的自我报告信息。该调查通过社交媒体平台进行分发。使用卡方检验来检验腿部溃疡与社会人口统计学变量以及SCD相关病史之间是否存在关联。此外，采用二元逻辑回归来确定预测SCD患者中腿部溃疡发生率的因素。
结果
本研究共纳入790份有效回复。其中，646份纳入腿部溃疡患病率分析。其中，52名（8%）SCD患者报告有腿部溃疡病史。男女比例为（9.7%对7.2%）。受腿部溃疡影响最大的年龄组是50岁以上者（16.7%）。腿部溃疡病史与社会人口统计学变量之间无显著关联。腿部溃疡的唯一预测因素是每月有6至8次血管闭塞性危机以及每月有超过8次血管闭塞性危机。
结论
沙特阿拉伯SCD患者中的腿部溃疡相当普遍（8%）。腿部溃疡与社会人口统计学变量之间无统计学显著相关性。血管闭塞性危机频繁发作史的患者更易出现腿部溃疡。未发现腿部溃疡发生率与镰状细胞病的其他并发症或羟基脲之间存在关联。
