Centre for Data and Knowledge Integration for Health, Instituto Gonçalo Muniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil.
Economics Faculty, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2020 Dec 4;15(12):e0242778. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242778. eCollection 2020.
The recent efforts dedicated to understanding important features and consequences of city growth have profited from the scaling approach to urban indicators. This kind of analysis can be conveniently used to investigate the impact of geo-economic transformations, like fast urbanization and industrial development, which occurred in continental size countries (e.g., India, China, and Brazil) during the past half-century. Profiting from high quality data, this work explores how scaling relationships among urban indicators are influenced by strong regional heterogeneities in Brazil. It is based on economic, infrastructure and violence related data sets for the time interval 2002-2016. Results indicate that regional specificities related to infrastructure, economic development, and geography have a larger influence on the absolute value of the urban indexes. Regional scaling similarities and differences among Brazilian regions were also uncovered. Interesting enough, the results indicate that the richest and poorest Brazilian regions share similar scaling behavior, despite all huge different local influences. By contrast, the results for the two richest regions, with similar average values of urban indexes and the same kind of local influences have rather different scaling properties. Thus, scaling analysis suggests that distinct political solutions might be necessary to improve life's quality, even for two regions with similar average values of urban indicators.
最近，人们致力于理解城市发展的重要特征和后果，这得益于城市指标的标度方法。这种分析方法可以方便地用于研究过去半个世纪中在大陆规模国家（如印度、中国和巴西）发生的地理经济转型的影响，如快速城市化和工业发展。本研究利用高质量的数据，探讨了城市指标之间的标度关系如何受到巴西强烈的区域异质性的影响。它基于 2002-2016 年期间的经济、基础设施和暴力相关数据集。结果表明，与基础设施、经济发展和地理有关的区域特异性对城市指数的绝对值有更大的影响。还揭示了巴西各地区之间的区域标度相似性和差异。有趣的是，结果表明，尽管存在巨大的地方影响，但巴西最富裕和最贫穷的地区具有相似的标度行为。相比之下，对于两个最富裕的地区，其城市指数的平均数值相似，且具有相同类型的地方影响，但具有截然不同的标度属性。因此，标度分析表明，即使对于城市指标平均值相似的两个地区，也可能需要采取不同的政治解决方案来提高生活质量。
