Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QU, UK.
Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2021 Feb;66:148-155. doi: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.10.021. Epub 2020 Dec 3.
Centrosomes comprise two centrioles, the mother and daughter, embedded within a multi-layered proteinaceous matrix known as the pericentriolar material. In proliferating cells, centrosomes duplicate once per cell cycle and organise interphase and mitotic microtubule arrays, whereas in quiescent cells, the mother centriole templates primary cilium formation. Centrosomes have acquired various accessory structures to facilitate these disparate functions. In some eukaryotic lineages, mother centrioles can be distinguished from their daughter by the presence of appendages at their distal end, which anchor microtubule minus ends and tether Golgi-derived vesicles involved in ciliogenesis. Moreover, in vertebrate cells, centrosomes are surrounded by a system of cytoplasmic granules known as centriolar satellites. In this review, we will discuss these centriolar accessories and outline recent findings pertaining to their composition, assembly and regulation.
中心体由两个中心粒组成，母中心粒和子中心粒，嵌入在一个称为中心粒周围物质的多层蛋白基质中。在增殖细胞中，中心体在每个细胞周期中复制一次，并组织间期和有丝分裂微管阵列，而在静止细胞中，母中心粒模板初级纤毛的形成。中心体获得了各种辅助结构来促进这些不同的功能。在一些真核生物谱系中，母中心粒可以通过其远端存在的附属物与其子中心粒区分开来，这些附属物锚定微管的负端，并固定参与纤毛发生的高尔基衍生囊泡。此外，在脊椎动物细胞中，中心体被称为中心粒卫星的细胞质颗粒系统包围。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论这些中心粒附件，并概述最近关于它们的组成、组装和调节的发现。
