Sakurai Ryota, Fujiwara Yoshinori, Suzuki Hiroyuki, Ogawa Susumu, Higuchi Takahiro, Imanaka Kuniyasu
Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan.
Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2021 Nov 15;76(10):2003-2012. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa219.
There is a growing body of literature examining age-related overestimation of one's own physical ability, which is a potential risk of falls in older adults, but it is unclear what leads them to overestimate. This study aimed to examine 3-year longitudinal changes in self-estimated step-over ability, along with one key risk factor: low frequency of going outdoors (FG), which is a measure of poor daily physical activity.
This cohort study included 116 community-dwelling older adults who participated in baseline and 3-year follow-up assessments. The step-over test was used to measure both the self-estimated step-over bar height (EH) and the actual bar height (AH). Low FG was defined as going outdoors either every few days or less at baseline.
The number of participants who overestimated their step-over ability (EH > AH) significantly increased from 10.3% to 22.4% over the study period. AH was significantly lower at follow-up than at baseline in both participants with low and high FGs. Conversely, among participants with low FG, EH was significantly higher at follow-up than at baseline, resulting in increased self-estimation error toward overestimation. Regression model showed that low FG was independently associated with increased error in estimation (i.e., tendency to overestimate) at follow-up.
The present study indicated that self-overestimated physical ability in older adults is not only due to decreased physical ability but also due to increased self-estimation of one's ability as a function of low FG. Active lifestyle may be critical for maintaining accurate estimations of one's own physical ability.
有越来越多的文献研究与年龄相关的对自身身体能力的高估，这是老年人跌倒的一个潜在风险，但尚不清楚是什么导致他们高估。本研究旨在探讨自我估计的跨栏能力的3年纵向变化，以及一个关键风险因素：户外活动频率低（FG），这是日常身体活动不足的一个指标。
这项队列研究包括116名社区居住的老年人，他们参加了基线和3年随访评估。跨栏测试用于测量自我估计的跨栏高度（EH）和实际跨栏高度（AH）。低FG被定义为在基线时每隔几天或更少时间进行一次户外活动。
在研究期间，高估自己跨栏能力（EH>AH）的参与者数量从10.3%显著增加到22.4%。在低FG和高FG的参与者中，随访时的AH均显著低于基线时。相反，在低FG的参与者中，随访时的EH显著高于基线时，导致自我估计误差朝着高估方向增加。回归模型显示，低FG与随访时估计误差增加（即高估倾向）独立相关。
本研究表明，老年人自我高估的身体能力不仅是由于身体能力下降，还由于作为低FG函数的自我能力估计增加。积极的生活方式对于维持对自身身体能力的准确估计可能至关重要。
