Mustafin R N, Khusnutdinova E K
Bashkir State Medical University, 3 Lenin str., Ufa 450008, Russian Federation, e-mail:
Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71 pr. Oktyabrya, Ufa 450054, Russian Federation.
Adv Gerontol. 2020;33(3):418-428.
Species-specific changes in the endocrine system are key factors in aging. Therefore, to prolong life, it is necessary to find regulators of the highest level, the changes of which lead to physiological aging. The molecular drivers that control dynamics of hormone levels can be transposons. This is due to the use of nucleotide sequences of transposons as binding sites that perceive specific signals of ribozymes, transcription factors, hormones and their messengers. At the same time, transposons are evolutionary sources of ribozymes and proteins that have DNA-binding domains. Starting from zygote division, the species-specific composition and distribution of transposons in the genome serves as a biological coding, which is necessary for the sequential expression of genes specific to cell types and stage of development. We suggest that hormonal regulation is one of the components of this complex system of regulation of ontogenesis under the control of transposons. To confirm our hypothesis, this review contains articles that prove the importance of transposons for species-specific control of endocrine system genes, as well as the effect of hormones on transposon activity. The research of these relationships is promising for the development of methods for the effective prolongation of life, since epigenetic changes under the influence of transposons are reversible.
内分泌系统的物种特异性变化是衰老的关键因素。因此，为了延长寿命，有必要找到最高层次的调节因子，其变化会导致生理性衰老。控制激素水平动态的分子驱动因素可能是转座子。这是因为转座子的核苷酸序列被用作结合位点，可感知核酶、转录因子、激素及其信使的特定信号。同时，转座子是具有DNA结合结构域的核酶和蛋白质的进化来源。从受精卵分裂开始，基因组中转座子的物种特异性组成和分布就作为一种生物编码，这对于特定细胞类型和发育阶段的基因顺序表达是必要的。我们认为激素调节是在转座子控制下的这种复杂个体发育调节系统的组成部分之一。为了证实我们的假设，本综述包含了一些文章，这些文章证明了转座子对内分泌系统基因的物种特异性控制的重要性，以及激素对转座子活性的影响。对这些关系的研究对于开发有效延长寿命的方法很有前景，因为转座子影响下的表观遗传变化是可逆的。
