Rarau Patricia, Guo Shuaijun, Baptista Shaira Nicole, Pulford Justin, McPake Barbara, Oldenburg Brian
Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
PNG Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea.
SAGE Open Med. 2020 Nov 20;8:2050312120973842. doi: 10.1177/2050312120973842. eCollection 2020.
The mortality associated with non-communicable diseases has increased significantly in most countries in the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region over the last 20 years, as have the underlying risk factors. This study aimed to collate evidence on the prevalence of four major non-communicable diseases and their risk factors in Papua New Guinea in order to inform appropriate policy for their prevention and management.
We performed a systematic review of Papua New Guinea-based population prevalence studies of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic respiratory diseases, and cancers, as well as non-communicable disease risk factors published before 2016. Five online databases were searched and screened against eligibility criteria according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
A total of 57 articles were included in this review, most of which (n = 48) were published prior to 2000. Eleven articles reported on diabetes, six reported on chronic lung disease/asthma, two reported on cardiovascular diseases, and two reported cancer as the primary outcome, while the remaining 36 papers reported non-communicable disease risk factors.
This review demonstrated variations in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (0%-19%) and their risk factors (0%-80.6%) attributed to the lifestyle and genetic diversity of the Papua New Guinea population. There is a strong suggestion that the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus) and key non-communicable disease risk factors (hypertension, overweight, and obesity) has increased, but there is a lack of recent data. As such, there is an urgent need for new and up-to-date data in all areas of Papua New Guinea.
在过去20年里，世界卫生组织西太平洋区域的大多数国家中，与非传染性疾病相关的死亡率显著上升，潜在风险因素亦是如此。本研究旨在整理巴布亚新几内亚四种主要非传染性疾病及其风险因素的流行情况证据，以便为其预防和管理制定适当政策提供依据。
我们对2016年之前发表的、基于巴布亚新几内亚人群的心血管疾病、2型糖尿病、慢性呼吸道疾病和癌症以及非传染性疾病风险因素的患病率研究进行了系统综述。根据系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目指南，检索了五个在线数据库，并根据纳入标准进行筛选。
本综述共纳入57篇文章，其中大部分（n = 48）发表于2000年之前。11篇文章报告了糖尿病，6篇报告了慢性肺病/哮喘，2篇报告了心血管疾病，2篇报告癌症作为主要结局，其余36篇论文报告了非传染性疾病风险因素。
本综述表明，由于巴布亚新几内亚人群的生活方式和遗传多样性，非传染性疾病的患病率（0%-19%）及其风险因素（0%-80.6%）存在差异。强烈提示非传染性疾病（尤其是2型糖尿病）和关键非传染性疾病风险因素（高血压、超重和肥胖）的患病率有所上升，但缺乏近期数据。因此，巴布亚新几内亚所有地区迫切需要新的和最新的数据。
