Porykali Bobby, Gronau Ryley, Tran Phyllis, Chen Juliana, Allman-Farinelli Margaret, Rangan Anna, Porykali Shelina, Oge Robin, Nogua Hans, Davies Alyse
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Program, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.
Faculty of Medicine, School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2025 Jan 14;22(1):102. doi: 10.3390/ijerph22010102.
Often referred to as 'the last unknown', Papua New Guinea's largely unexplored environments across its four distinct regions, the Highlands, New Guinea Islands, Momase, and Southern, exhibit remarkable diversity. Understanding this diversity is significant in contextualising the risk factors associated with developing non-communicable diseases. This review aims to map and summarise the literature to provide region-specific prevalence data for risk factors and non-communicable diseases. Four databases and grey literature were searched. Two reviewers completed the screening and data extraction. Twenty-one studies were included, with five reporting the data by region and the remaining reporting the data nationwide. Six studies reported on risk factors, thirteen reported on non-communicable diseases, and two reported on risk factors and non-communicable diseases. The Southern region, which includes the Capital, Port Moresby, reported the highest prevalence for most risk factors: anthropometric (overweight, obesity, and waist circumference), lifestyle (betel nut, alcohol, unhealthy diet, and stress), and biochemical (cholesterol, triglycerides, HbA1c, and metabolic syndrome). The findings of this review highlight the limited evidence base for region-specific risk factor data and the lack of objective diagnosis of non-communicable diseases. There were variations in the prevalence of specific risk factors by region; however, the Southern region stands out as requiring immediate attention for health promotion program interventions.
巴布亚新几内亚的四个不同地区，即高地、新几内亚岛、莫马塞和南部地区，其环境大多未被探索，常被称为“最后的未知之地”，展现出显著的多样性。了解这种多样性对于将与非传染性疾病发展相关的风险因素置于具体情境中具有重要意义。本综述旨在梳理和总结文献，以提供各地区特定的风险因素和非传染性疾病患病率数据。检索了四个数据库和灰色文献。两名评审员完成了筛选和数据提取。纳入了21项研究，其中5项按地区报告数据，其余的在全国范围内报告数据。6项研究报告了风险因素，13项报告了非传染性疾病，2项报告了风险因素和非传染性疾病。包括首都莫尔斯比港在内的南部地区，大多数风险因素的患病率最高：人体测量学方面（超重、肥胖和腰围）、生活方式方面（槟榔、酒精、不健康饮食和压力）以及生化方面（胆固醇、甘油三酯、糖化血红蛋白和代谢综合征）。本综述的结果凸显了特定地区风险因素数据的证据基础有限，以及非传染性疾病缺乏客观诊断的情况。特定风险因素的患病率因地区而异；然而，南部地区尤为突出，需要立即关注健康促进项目干预措施。
