The testicular biopsy in the evaluation of male infertility.

A testicular biopsy is often useful in male infertility to evaluate the degree of damage and the patient's prognosis. The major issues in the interpretation of the histologic specimens are the adoption of a simple reproducible classification of testicular abnormalities, and the recognition of specific causes of damage. This review is concerned with the clinical scope of testicular biopsy for infertility, the technical handling of the specimen, and a practical stepwise approach to the histologic diagnosis.