Bosiacka Beata, Myśliwy Monika, Bosiacki Mateusz
Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.
Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.
PeerJ. 2020 Nov 24;8:e10233. doi: 10.7717/peerj.10233. eCollection 2020.
Wild greens can contribute to the human diet as an important source of essential nutrients and drugs. Since environmental factors, including soil properties, may affect the chemical composition of plants, it is necessary among others to assess various habitats in terms of their usefulness for wild plant harvesting and to study impact of environmental factors on the qualitative and quantitative chemical composition of plants. This study was aimed at (1) examining the mineral composition of leaves of three dandelion microspecies, (2) determining the variability of macro- and microelement concentrations in dandelion leaves from populations growing on salty, brackish and non-saline coastal meadows, and (3) assessing the effects of different habitat conditions on the mineral composition of dandelion leaves. It was hypothesized that dandelion microspecies would differ significantly in the mineral composition of leaves. It was also expected that soil conditions would significantly affect nutrient concentrations in dandelion leaves, with soil salinity being the most important factor that differentiated studied populations. Leaves of three dandelion microspecies (, . , . ) were harvested in Baltic costal grasslands, along the soil salinity gradient, to determine macro- and microelement concentrations. Soil samples collected in the closest vicinity of the harvested plants showed the study sites to differ significantly in their soil properties. Moderately saline and organic soils, rich in potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca), supported . . Moderately or weakly saline and non-saline, organic or mineral soils, with lower median values of K, Mg, and Ca, were typical of . sites, while the lowest median values of all the soil properties studied were found for . sites. Our results proved that dandelion microspecies differ significantly in the mineral composition of their leaves. The between-microspecies differences were significant for all the macroelements except magnesium and all the microelements except molybdenum. Most of the macro- and microelements in leaves of the dandelion microspecies correlated positively and significantly with the soil properties, the strongest correlations being found for soil salinity and the leaf Na, Mn, Ca, Fe, K and Zn contents, followed by soil pH and the leaf Na, Mn, Fe, K, Ca, Zn and Mg. Moreover, the impact of soil properties on the mineral contents in leaves of the dandelions we examined seems to be stronger than the genetic differences between dandelion microspecies. Results of our studies on mineral composition of dandelion leaves lend support to the contention that wild greens provide essential mineral nutrients to the diet. Coastal meadows, fed by the brackish water of the Baltic Sea and free of anthropogenic pollution, are a good habitat to collect wild greens from.
野生蔬菜可作为必需营养素和药物的重要来源，为人类饮食做出贡献。由于包括土壤性质在内的环境因素可能会影响植物的化学成分，因此有必要评估各种栖息地对野生植物采摘的有用性，并研究环境因素对植物定性和定量化学成分的影响。本研究旨在：（1）检测三种蒲公英微物种叶片的矿物质组成；（2）确定生长在咸水、微咸水和非盐渍沿海草甸上的蒲公英种群叶片中大量和微量元素浓度的变异性；（3）评估不同栖息地条件对蒲公英叶片矿物质组成的影响。研究假设蒲公英微物种在叶片矿物质组成上存在显著差异。还预期土壤条件会显著影响蒲公英叶片中的养分浓度，土壤盐分是区分研究种群的最重要因素。沿着土壤盐分梯度，在波罗的海沿岸草原采集了三种蒲公英微物种（、、）的叶片，以测定大量和微量元素浓度。在采集的植物最接近的区域采集的土壤样本显示，研究地点的土壤性质存在显著差异。中度盐渍和有机土壤富含钾（K）、镁（Mg）和钙（Ca），支持生长。中度或轻度盐渍以及非盐渍、有机或矿质土壤，K、Mg和Ca的中值较低，是典型的生长地，而所有研究的土壤性质中值最低的是生长地。我们的结果证明，蒲公英微物种在叶片矿物质组成上存在显著差异。除镁之外的所有大量元素以及除钼之外的所有微量元素，在微物种之间的差异都很显著。蒲公英微物种叶片中的大多数大量和微量元素与土壤性质呈显著正相关，土壤盐分与叶片钠、锰、钙、铁、钾和锌含量之间的相关性最强，其次是土壤pH值与叶片钠、锰、铁、钾、钙、锌和镁之间的相关性。此外，土壤性质对我们所研究的蒲公英叶片矿物质含量的影响似乎比蒲公英微物种之间的遗传差异更强。我们对蒲公英叶片矿物质组成的研究结果支持了野生蔬菜为饮食提供必需矿物质营养素的观点。受波罗的海微咸水滋养且无人为污染的沿海草甸是采集野生蔬菜的良好栖息地。
