Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Behavioral Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
Faculty of Applied Human Studies, University of Applied Sciences Magdeburg and Stendal, Stendal, Germany.
Int J Eat Disord. 2021 Mar;54(3):399-408. doi: 10.1002/eat.23424. Epub 2020 Dec 7.
Restrictive eating behaviors occur across ages, but little is known about symptoms of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), especially in adults. This study sought to examine the prevalence of symptoms of ARFID in the adult population, providing a psychometric evaluation of the Eating Disorders in Youth-Questionnaire (EDY-Q) and population norms.
In a representative survey of the German population, N = 2,424 adults (1,297 women, 1,127 men; age 49.5 ± 17.5 years) were assessed with the EDY-Q and measures of eating disorder and general psychopathology for divergent validation.
The point prevalence of self-reported symptoms of ARFID amounted to 0.8% (20/2,424), with 0.8% of women (10/1,297) and 0.9% of men (10/1,127) being affected. Adults with symptoms of ARFID were significantly more likely to have underweight or normal weight, were more likely to report restrictive behaviors and lower levels of eating disorder psychopathology and binge eating than noneating-disordered controls and adults with symptoms of an eating disorder, but did not significantly differ in levels of compensatory behaviors, or depression and anxiety. The EDY-Q revealed favorable item statistics, heterogeneity, and satisfactory construct validity, including factorial, discriminant, and divergent validity. Weight-status specific norms were provided.
Both women and men from the population reported symptoms of ARFID with an anthropometric and psychopathological profile similar to that seen in youth with symptoms of ARFID, however, with lower prevalence estimates, and distinctive from that in other eating disorders. Interview-based assessment of this symptomatology is required to confirm the prevalence of ARFID diagnosis.
限制型进食行为在各年龄段均有发生，但对于回避/限制型食物摄入障碍（ARFID）的症状知之甚少，尤其是在成年人中。本研究旨在探讨成年人中 ARFID 症状的患病率，并对青少年饮食障碍问卷（EDY-Q）进行心理测量学评估和提供人群常模。
在一项对德国人群的代表性调查中，共评估了 2424 名成年人（1297 名女性，1127 名男性；年龄 49.5±17.5 岁），使用 EDY-Q 以及饮食障碍和一般精神病理学的测量工具进行了差异验证。
自我报告的 ARFID 症状的时点患病率为 0.8%（20/2424），其中女性为 0.8%（10/1297），男性为 0.9%（10/1127）。患有 ARFID 症状的成年人更有可能体重过轻或正常，更有可能报告限制行为，且饮食障碍心理病理学和暴食水平较低，而非饮食障碍对照组和患有饮食障碍症状的成年人，但是在补偿行为或抑郁和焦虑水平上没有显著差异。EDY-Q 显示出良好的项目统计学、异质性和令人满意的结构效度，包括因子、判别和差异效度。还提供了体重状态特定的常模。
来自人群的女性和男性均报告了 ARFID 症状，其人体测量学和精神病理学特征与青少年 ARFID 症状相似，但患病率估计较低，与其他饮食障碍不同。需要进行基于访谈的评估来确认 ARFID 诊断的患病率。
