Marini Maddalena, Banaji Mahzarin R
Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia.
Harvard University.
J Gen Psychol. 2022 Jul-Sep;149(3):299-326. doi: 10.1080/00221309.2020.1853502. Epub 2020 Dec 7.
We investigated implicit associations between social categories or and the attributes or . In six experiments, Implicit Association Tests (IATs) showed associations. The bias was observed (a) in both men and women; (b) in participants who reported sexual attraction to both females and males (greater for the former); (c) in members of the general population as well as among STEM faculty from the highest ranked U.S. STEM universities; (d) even when both gender categories were clearly presented as scientists, via photos and words, (e) using both the standard IAT and a single category variation; and (f) hardly at all on explicit measures in contrast to implicit measures. By introducing the attribute of sexuality, these studies bring to light a robust if unintended mental association of women as sexual beings. The automaticity and surprising generality of the effect suggests that this association may be an unintentional yet potent barrier to women's lower representation and success in STEM.
我们研究了社会类别与属性之间的隐性关联。在六个实验中，内隐联想测验（IATs）显示出了关联。这种偏见在以下情况中被观察到：（a）男性和女性中均有；（b）在报告对女性和男性都有性吸引力的参与者中（对前者的偏见更大）；（c）在普通人群以及美国排名最高的STEM大学的STEM教员中；（d）即使通过照片和文字将两个性别类别都明确呈现为科学家时；（e）使用标准IAT和单类别变体时；以及（f）与隐性测量相比，在显性测量中几乎完全没有。通过引入性取向属性，这些研究揭示了一种将女性视为性存在的强大的（如果是无意的）心理关联。这种效应的自动性和惊人的普遍性表明，这种关联可能是女性在STEM领域代表性较低和取得成功的一个无意但强大的障碍。
