Confield L R, Black G P, Wilson B C, Lowe D J, Theakstone A G, Baker M J
CDT Medical Devices, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Centre, 106 Rottenrow, G4 0NW, UK.
Anal Methods. 2021 Jan 14;13(2):157-168. doi: 10.1039/d0ay01991g. Epub 2020 Dec 7.
Infections and sepsis represent a growing global burden. There is a widespread clinical need for a rapid, high-throughput and sensitive technique for the diagnosis of infections and detection of invading pathogens and the presence of sepsis. Current diagnostic methods primarily consist of laboratory-based haematology, biochemistry and microbiology that are time consuming, labour- and resource-intensive, and prone to both false positive and false negative results. Current methods are insufficient for the increasing demands on healthcare systems, causing delays in diagnosis and initiation of treatment, due to the intrinsic time delay in sample preparation, measurement, and analysis. Vibrational spectroscopic techniques can overcome these limitations by providing a rapid, label-free and low-cost method for blood analysis, with limited sample preparation required, potentially revolutionising clinical diagnostics by producing actionable results that enable early diagnosis, leading to improved patient outcomes. This review will discuss the challenges associated with the diagnosis of infections and sepsis, primarily within the UK healthcare system. We will consider the clinical potential of spectroscopic point-of-care technologies to enable blood analysis in the primary-care setting.
感染和脓毒症给全球带来的负担日益加重。临床上迫切需要一种快速、高通量且灵敏的技术，用于感染的诊断、入侵病原体的检测以及脓毒症的诊断。当前的诊断方法主要包括基于实验室的血液学、生物化学和微生物学检测，这些方法耗时、费力且资源消耗大，还容易出现假阳性和假阴性结果。由于样本制备、测量和分析存在固有的时间延迟，当前方法无法满足医疗系统日益增长的需求，导致诊断和治疗启动延迟。振动光谱技术可以通过提供一种快速、无需标记且低成本的血液分析方法来克服这些限制，所需样本制备有限，通过产生可用于早期诊断的可操作结果，有可能彻底改变临床诊断，从而改善患者预后。本综述将讨论感染和脓毒症诊断所面临的挑战，主要聚焦于英国医疗系统。我们将探讨光谱即时检测技术在基层医疗环境中进行血液分析的临床潜力。
