Ozoh Obianuju B, Eze Joy N, Adeyeye Olufunke O, Eromosele Ojiebun, Dede Sandra K, Ndukwu Chizalu I, Zyl-Smit Richard Van
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
Department of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria.
Niger Med J. 2020 Jul-Aug;61(4):210-217. doi: 10.4103/nmj.NMJ_36_20. Epub 2020 Aug 4.
Lung function impairment is a major determinant of morbidity and mortality. Unrecognized respiratory morbidity may be a missed opportunity to improve future health outcomes.
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and the relationship to spirometry abnormalities and respiratory diagnosis among medical students in Lagos, Nigeria.
This was a cross-sectional study among students aged 16-35 years. We assessed frequency of respiratory symptoms, previous respiratory diagnosis, and spirometry abnormalities. The relationship between respiratory symptoms, spirometry pattern, and previous respiratory diagnosis was determined using the Chi-square test and stepwise forward logistic regression analysis.
Of 640 participants, 464 (72.5%) performed good quality spirometry tests. Two hundred and forty-four (52.6%) had at least one respiratory symptom. Preexisting conditions were only identified in 60 (12.9%): 49 (7.7%) asthma, 29 (4.5%) allergic rhinitis, 16 (2.5%) treated tuberculosis, and 8 (1.3%) bronchitis/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Using the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) lung function predicted values, obstructive (8.4%) and restrictive abnormalities (25.4%) were common. An obstructive pattern was associated with previous diagnosis of asthma, but there was no significant association for the restrictive spirometry pattern.
Among otherwise healthy students, respiratory symptoms and lung function abnormalities are common. The vast majority are without a formal diagnosis. Asthma accounted for the majority of obstructive spirometry pattern seen, but the restrictive abnormalities based on GLI equations remain unexplained. Further research is required to determine the cause of these abnormalities and long-term implications in apparently healthy young individuals.
肺功能损害是发病率和死亡率的主要决定因素。未被识别的呼吸道疾病可能是改善未来健康结局的一个错失的机会。
本研究的目的是调查尼日利亚拉各斯医科学生呼吸道症状的患病率以及与肺量计异常和呼吸道诊断的关系。
这是一项针对16 - 35岁学生的横断面研究。我们评估了呼吸道症状的频率、既往呼吸道诊断以及肺量计异常情况。使用卡方检验和逐步向前逻辑回归分析来确定呼吸道症状、肺量计模式和既往呼吸道诊断之间的关系。
在640名参与者中，464人（72.5%）进行了高质量的肺量计测试。244人（52.6%）至少有一种呼吸道症状。仅60人（12.9%）被发现有既往疾病：49人（7.7%）患有哮喘，29人（4.5%）患有过敏性鼻炎，16人（2.5%）曾接受过结核病治疗，8人（1.3%）患有支气管炎/慢性阻塞性肺疾病。根据全球肺功能倡议（GLI）肺功能预测值，阻塞性异常（8.4%）和限制性异常（25.4%）较为常见。阻塞性模式与既往哮喘诊断相关，但限制性肺量计模式无显著关联。
在其他方面健康的学生中，呼吸道症状和肺功能异常很常见。绝大多数人没有正式诊断。哮喘占所见阻塞性肺量计模式的大多数，但基于GLI方程的限制性异常原因仍不明。需要进一步研究以确定这些异常的原因以及对明显健康的年轻人的长期影响。
