Zaki Eitezaz A, El-Daly Mai M, Abdulhaq Ahmed, Al-Subhi Tagreed L, Hassan Ahmed M, El-Kafrawy Sherif A, Alhazmi Mohammad M, Darraj Majid A, Azhar Esam I
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University.
Department of Virology, Jeddah Regional Lab, Ministry of Health.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Dec 4;99(49):e23274. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000023274.
Determination of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) genotypes and identification of antiretroviral drug-resistant mutations. Among treatment naïve HIV patients in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. HIV is a major public health problem. HIV genotyping and antiretroviral resistance testing is an important guide for better management of treatment-naive. Antiretroviral resistance testing before starting of treatment regimen leads to a better virological response. A total of 57 samples of treatment-naive patients were collected from King Fahd Central Hospital in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Samples were tested for HIV-1 antibodies, western blot, viral load, HIV-1 genotypes through direct sequencing, and antiretroviral resistance testing. The HIV-1 Genotypes were as follow; C: 66.6%, D: 10.5%, G: 8.8%, B: 7.0%, CRF01_AE: 3.5%, A and CRF02_AG: 1.8% each. 77.2% of cases showed susceptibility to the 3 major classes of antiretroviral drugs; Protease inhibitor (PI), Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI); while 8.8% had mutations conferring resistance to NRTI. Mutations conferring resistance to PI were detected in 7.0% of cases, and 1.8% of cases had mutations conferring resistance to both NRTI and PI. Mutations conferring resistance to NNRTI were detected in 5.3% of cases. Mutations associated with antiretroviral drugs include (V82A+I84IV), (L10F+Q58E), (L10F+V82Y), L10FV, L33LF, L89LMV, M184V, E138A, V106I, and V179VD. The prevalence of HIV-1 antiretroviral resistance mutations is 22.8% in the studied population, which may warrant antiretroviral drug resistance testing as a pretreatment to help and guide physicians for the proper HIV treatment.
人类免疫缺陷病毒1型（HIV-1）基因型的测定及抗逆转录病毒耐药突变的鉴定。沙特阿拉伯吉赞初治HIV患者的情况。HIV是一个主要的公共卫生问题。HIV基因分型和抗逆转录病毒耐药性检测是初治患者更好管理的重要指南。在开始治疗方案前进行抗逆转录病毒耐药性检测可带来更好的病毒学反应。从沙特阿拉伯吉赞的法赫德国王中央医院共收集了57例初治患者的样本。对样本进行了HIV-1抗体检测、蛋白印迹法、病毒载量检测、通过直接测序检测HIV-1基因型以及抗逆转录病毒耐药性检测。HIV-1基因型如下：C型：66.6%，D型：10.5%，G型：8.8%，B型：7.0%，CRF01_AE型：3.5%，A型和CRF02_AG型各占1.8%。77.2%的病例对3大类抗逆转录病毒药物敏感，即蛋白酶抑制剂（PI）、核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂（NRTI）和非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂（NNRTI）；而8.8%的病例有对NRTI耐药的突变。7.0%的病例检测到对PI耐药的突变，1.8%的病例有对NRTI和PI均耐药的突变。5.3%的病例检测到对NNRTI耐药的突变。与抗逆转录病毒药物相关的突变包括（V82A+I84IV）、（L10F+Q58E）、（L10F+V82Y）、L10FV、L33LF、L89LMV、M184V、E138A、V106I和V179VD。在研究人群中，HIV-1抗逆转录病毒耐药突变的患病率为22.8%，这可能需要将抗逆转录病毒耐药性检测作为预处理手段，以帮助和指导医生进行恰当的HIV治疗。
