Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
PLoS One. 2024 Jun 26;19(6):e0304408. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304408. eCollection 2024.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a significant threat to public health. HIV genotyping and antiretroviral resistance testing may have contributed to improved non-treated management. Immune markers might assist HIV-1 diagnosis and drug-resistant variant identification. HIV-1 immunogenicity and molecular characteristics of antiretroviral drug resistance are evaluated in 56 treatment-naive HIV patients. DNA sequencing and retroviral resistance testing identified HIV-1 genotypes. 55.4% of patients were susceptible to protease inhibitors (PI), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) antiretroviral drugs, whereas 44.6% had drug-resistance mutations against at least one antiretroviral drug. 3.6% of cases had PI-resistant mutations, while 30.4% had NRTI-resistant mutations, and 30.4% had NNRTI-resistant mutations. In patients who are susceptible to PI, the mean value of human plasma sCD80 is 2.11 ± 0.65 ng/mL; in patients with mutations, it is 3.93 ± 2.91 ng/mL. Individuals who are susceptible to PI have plasma sCD27 levels of 78.7 ± 63.2 U/mL, whereas individuals who are mutant have levels of 56.5 ± 32.1 U/mL. IP-10's mean value was 363 ± 109.2 pg/mL for the susceptible patients and 429 ± 20.7 pg/mL for the mutated patients. In susceptible patients, the plasma sCD4 level is 0.163 ± 0.229 ng/mL; in mutant patients, it is 0.084 ± 0.012 ng/mL. The data showed a relative relation between immunological parameters such as sCD80, sCD27, sCD4, and IP-10 and mutation for drug resistance.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）是对公众健康的重大威胁。HIV 基因分型和抗逆转录病毒耐药性检测可能有助于改善未经治疗的管理。免疫标志物可能有助于 HIV-1 的诊断和耐药变异体的鉴定。对 56 名未经治疗的 HIV 患者进行了 HIV-1 免疫原性和抗逆转录病毒耐药性的分子特征评估。DNA 测序和逆转录病毒耐药性检测确定了 HIV-1 基因型。55.4%的患者对蛋白酶抑制剂（PI）、核苷逆转录酶抑制剂（NRTI）和非核苷逆转录酶抑制剂（NNRTI）抗逆转录病毒药物敏感，而 44.6%的患者对至少一种抗逆转录病毒药物有耐药突变。3.6%的病例有 PI 耐药突变，30.4%有 NRTI 耐药突变，30.4%有 NNRTI 耐药突变。在对 PI 敏感的患者中，人血浆 sCD80 的平均值为 2.11 ± 0.65ng/mL；在有突变的患者中，其值为 3.93 ± 2.91ng/mL。对 PI 敏感的个体的血浆 sCD27 水平为 78.7 ± 63.2U/mL，而突变个体的水平为 56.5 ± 32.1U/mL。IP-10 的平均值为 363 ± 109.2pg/mL，适用于敏感患者，429 ± 20.7pg/mL，适用于突变患者。在敏感患者中，血浆 sCD4 水平为 0.163 ± 0.229ng/mL；在突变患者中，其值为 0.084 ± 0.012ng/mL。这些数据显示了免疫参数（如 sCD80、sCD27、sCD4 和 IP-10）与耐药性突变之间的相对关系。
