Noriega Fernando G, Nouzova Marcela
Department of Biological Sciences and Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
Insects. 2020 Dec 3;11(12):858. doi: 10.3390/insects11120858.
The juvenile hormones (JHs) are a group of sesquiterpenoids synthesized by the . They play critical roles during insect development and reproduction. To study processes that are controlled by JH, researchers need methods to identify and quantify endogenous JHs and tools that can be used to increase or decrease JH titers in vitro and in vivo. The lipophilic nature of JHs, coupled with the low endogenous titers, make handling and quantification challenging. JH titers in insects can easily be increased by the topical application of JH analogs, such as methoprene. On the other hand, experimentally reducing JH titers has been more difficult. New approaches to modulate JH homeostasis have been established based on advances in RNA interference and CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing. This review will summarize current advances in: (1) the detection and quantification of JHs from insect samples; (2) approaches to manipulating JH titers; and (3) next-generation tools to modulate JH homeostasis.
保幼激素（JHs）是由[具体合成部位未给出]合成的一类倍半萜。它们在昆虫发育和繁殖过程中发挥着关键作用。为了研究受保幼激素控制的过程，研究人员需要识别和定量内源性保幼激素的方法以及可用于在体外和体内增加或降低保幼激素滴度的工具。保幼激素的亲脂性以及内源性滴度较低，使得处理和定量具有挑战性。通过局部施用保幼激素类似物（如烯虫酯），昆虫体内的保幼激素滴度可以很容易地提高。另一方面，通过实验降低保幼激素滴度则更加困难。基于RNA干扰和基于CRISPR/Cas9的基因组编辑技术的进展，已经建立了调节保幼激素稳态的新方法。本综述将总结以下方面的当前进展：（1）从昆虫样本中检测和定量保幼激素；（2）操纵保幼激素滴度的方法；（3）调节保幼激素稳态的下一代工具。
