Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russion Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Dec 3;21(23):9234. doi: 10.3390/ijms21239234.
Depression is a global threat to mental health that affects around 264 million people worldwide. Despite the considerable evolution in our understanding of the pathophysiology of depression, no reliable biomarkers that have contributed to objective diagnoses and clinical therapy currently exist. The discovery of the microbiota-gut-brain axis induced scientists to study the role of gut microbiota (GM) in the pathogenesis of depression. Over the last decade, many of studies were conducted in this field. The productions of metabolites and compounds with neuroactive and immunomodulatory properties among mechanisms such as the mediating effects of the GM on the brain, have been identified. This comprehensive review was focused on low molecular weight compounds implicated in depression as potential products of the GM. The other possible mechanisms of GM involvement in depression were presented, as well as changes in the composition of the microbiota of patients with depression. In conclusion, the therapeutic potential of functional foods and psychobiotics in relieving depression were considered. The described biomarkers associated with GM could potentially enhance the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders in clinical practice and represent a potential future diagnostic tool based on metagenomic technologies for assessing the development of depressive disorders.
抑郁症是一种全球性的心理健康威胁，影响着全球约 2.64 亿人。尽管我们对抑郁症的病理生理学有了相当大的认识，但目前仍没有可靠的生物标志物可以帮助进行客观诊断和临床治疗。微生物群-肠道-大脑轴的发现促使科学家研究肠道微生物群 (GM) 在抑郁症发病机制中的作用。在过去的十年中，该领域进行了许多研究。人们发现了 GM 对大脑的中介作用等机制中具有神经活性和免疫调节特性的代谢物和化合物的产生。这篇综述主要关注与抑郁症相关的低分子量化合物，这些化合物可能是 GM 的产物。还介绍了 GM 参与抑郁症的其他可能机制，以及抑郁症患者的微生物群组成的变化。总之，功能性食品和益生菌在缓解抑郁症方面的治疗潜力被认为是有前景的。与 GM 相关的描述性生物标志物可能会增强临床实践中抑郁障碍的诊断标准，并代表一种基于宏基因组技术评估抑郁障碍发展的潜在未来诊断工具。
