Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INC, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Infectología e Inmunología, Hospital de Infectología, Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", IMSS, Col. La Raza, 02990 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
J Integr Neurosci. 2023 May 8;22(3):65. doi: 10.31083/j.jin2203065.
Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, contributing to the global disease burden. From above, it is a priority to investigate models that fully explain its physiopathology to develop new treatments. In the last decade, many studies have shown that gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis influences brain functions and participate, in association with immunity, in the pathogenesis of depression. Thereby, GM modulation could be a novel therapeutic target for depression. This review aims to evidence how the GM and the immune system influence mental illness, particularly depression. Here, we focus on the communication mechanisms between the intestine and the brain and the impact on the development of neuroinflammation contributing to the development of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). However, most of the current findings are in animal models, suggesting the need for studies in humans. In addition, more analysis of metabolites and cytokines are needed to identify new pathophysiological mechanisms improving anti-depression treatments.
抑郁症是全球范围内导致残疾的主要原因，也是全球疾病负担的一个重要因素。因此，深入研究能够充分解释其病理生理学的模型，以开发新的治疗方法是当务之急。在过去的十年中，许多研究表明，肠道微生物群（GM）失调会影响大脑功能，并与免疫系统一起参与抑郁症的发病机制。因此，GM 调节可能成为治疗抑郁症的新靶点。本综述旨在证明 GM 和免疫系统如何影响精神疾病，特别是抑郁症。在这里，我们专注于肠道和大脑之间的通讯机制以及对神经炎症发展的影响，神经炎症的发展有助于导致重度抑郁症（MDD）的发生。然而，目前的大多数发现都是在动物模型中，这表明需要在人类中进行研究。此外，需要更多分析代谢物和细胞因子，以确定改善抗抑郁治疗的新病理生理机制。
