Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
J Comp Pathol. 2020 Nov;181:26-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.09.012. Epub 2020 Oct 26.
We provide pathological, immunohistochemical and molecular evidence of cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) infection in a live-stranded adult female killer whale (Orcinus orca), which stranded alive in Espírito Santo State, Brazil, in 2014. Although attempts were made to release the animal, it stranded again and died. The main pathological findings were severe pulmonary oedema, pleural petechiation, multifocal, lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalitis and leptomeningomyelitis with perivascular cuffing and gliosis, chronic lymphocytic bronchointerstitial pneumonia and multicentric lymph node and splenic lymphoid depletion. Other pathological findings were associated with the 'live-stranding stress response'. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed multifocal morbilliviral antigen in neurons and astrocytes, and in pneumocytes, histiocytes and leukocytes in the lung. CeMV was detected by a novel reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction method in the brain and kidney. Phylogenetic analysis of part of the morbillivirus phosphoprotein gene indicates that the virus is similar to the Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) morbillivirus strain, known to affect cetaceans along the coast of Brazil. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of morbillivirus disease in killer whales.
我们提供了有关一头在巴西圣埃斯皮里图州活体搁浅的成年雌性虎鲸（Orcinus orca）感染犬瘟热病毒（CeMV）的病理学、免疫组织化学和分子证据。尽管曾试图将该动物放生，但它再次搁浅并死亡。主要的病理学发现包括严重的肺水肿、胸膜点状出血、多灶性淋巴浆细胞性脑膜脑炎和脑膜脊髓炎伴血管周围套袖和神经胶质增生、慢性淋巴细胞性支气管间质性肺炎以及多中心淋巴结和脾脏淋巴样耗竭。其他的病理学发现与“活体搁浅应激反应”有关。免疫组织化学分析显示神经元和星形胶质细胞、肺中的肺泡细胞、组织细胞和白细胞中存在多灶性麻疹病毒抗原。新型逆转录聚合酶链反应方法在大脑和肾脏中检测到了 CeMV。麻疹病毒磷蛋白基因部分的系统进化分析表明，该病毒与已知影响巴西沿海地区鲸目动物的圭亚那海豚（Sotalia guianensis）麻疹病毒株相似。据作者所知，这是首例关于虎鲸麻疹病毒病的报告。
