The Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Oncogene. 2021 Feb;40(5):885-898. doi: 10.1038/s41388-020-01575-7. Epub 2020 Dec 7.
Recently, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), especially anti-programmed death 1 (anti-PD-1) and anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1) therapy, has become an increasingly appealing therapeutic strategy for cancer patients. However, only a small portion of patients responds to anti-PD treatment. Therefore, treatment strategies are urgently needed to reverse the ICB-resistant tumor microenvironment (TME). It has become clear that the TME has diminished innate sensing that is critical to activate adaptive immunity. In addition, tumor cells upregulate various immunosuppressive factors to diminish the immune response and resist immunotherapy. In this review, we briefly update the current small molecular drugs that could synergize with immunotherapy, especially anti-PD therapy. We will discuss the modes of action by those drugs including inducing innate sensing and limiting immunosuppressive factors in the TME.
最近，免疫检查点阻断（ICB），特别是抗程序性死亡 1（anti-PD-1）和抗程序性死亡配体 1（anti-PD-L1）治疗，已成为癌症患者越来越有吸引力的治疗策略。然而，只有一小部分患者对抗 PD 治疗有反应。因此，迫切需要治疗策略来逆转 ICB 抵抗的肿瘤微环境（TME）。现在已经很清楚，TME 减弱了对激活适应性免疫至关重要的先天感知。此外，肿瘤细胞上调各种免疫抑制因子，以减弱免疫反应并抵抗免疫疗法。在这篇综述中，我们简要介绍了目前可能与免疫疗法，特别是抗 PD 治疗协同作用的小分子药物。我们将讨论这些药物的作用模式，包括诱导 TME 中的先天感知和限制免疫抑制因子。
