Department of Economics and Business Administration, Division of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan.
Department of Agricultural Economics, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.
Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2021 Jul;17(4):814-834. doi: 10.1002/ieam.4379. Epub 2021 Feb 8.
This study focuses on the sustainability of different land tenure farms in tea farming and explores the effect of structural and decisional variables on tea farm sustainability. For this, a total of 138 tea growers from the Rize province of Turkey were selected through a stratified sampling approach and interviewed directly. The positive and negative effects of independent variables on all dimensions of sustainability were emphasized after an extensive review of the literature. This reviewing activity also facilitated hypothesizing the possible influences of variables on overall tea sustainability. A tobit model was used to examine the influence of the structural and decisional variables on tea farm sustainability. The results described that owners were more sustainable compared with shareholders. Their economic and social sustainability levels were not significantly different from each other. However, environmental sustainability at owners' tea farms was more satisfactory than that of shareholders. Among structural variables, land slope, age of tea orchard, and farmers' age were negative influences, whereas cooperative membership and terrace status affected tea farm sustainability positively. Similarly, among decisional variables, family labor, fertilizer application methods, farmers' willingness to perform a soil test, and sale value of tea had positive influences, whereas the cost of chemical fertilizers had a negative influence on tea farm sustainability. The land tenure was found to have a significant effect on sustainability when the tea farmer was the owner of the farm. Thus, farmers should replant their orchards on time, and adopt sustainable practices such as terracing and employing environment-friendly fertilizer application methods for increasing tea sustainability in the locality. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:814-834. © 2020 SETAC.
本研究聚焦于茶园不同土地保有制农场的可持续性，并探讨了结构和决策变量对茶园可持续性的影响。为此，通过分层抽样方法从土耳其里泽省选择了总共 138 名茶农，并直接对他们进行了访谈。在对文献进行广泛回顾后，强调了自变量对可持续性所有维度的积极和消极影响。这一回顾活动还便于假设变量对整体茶可持续性的可能影响。采用 Tobit 模型来检验结构和决策变量对茶园可持续性的影响。结果表明，与股东相比，所有者更为可持续。他们的经济和社会可持续性水平彼此之间没有显著差异。然而，所有者茶园的环境可持续性比股东的更为令人满意。在结构变量中，土地坡度、茶园年龄和农民年龄均产生负面影响，而合作社成员和梯田状况则对茶园可持续性产生积极影响。同样，在决策变量中，家庭劳动力、施肥方法、农民进行土壤测试的意愿以及茶叶的销售价值均具有积极影响，而化肥成本对茶园可持续性则产生负面影响。当茶农是农场所有者时，土地保有权对可持续性有显著影响。因此，农民应及时重新种植果园，并采取可持续的做法，如梯田和采用环保型施肥方法，以提高当地茶叶的可持续性。
