School of Rehabilitation and Medical Sciences, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant.
Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs.
J Athl Train. 2021 Apr 21;56(4):372-382. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-0173.20.
First, we will update recommendations for the prehospital management and care of patients with exertional heat stroke (EHS) in the secondary school setting. Second, we provide action items to aid clinicians in developing best-practice documents and policies for EHS. Third, we supply practical strategies clinicians can use to implement best practice for EHS in the secondary school setting.
An interdisciplinary working group of scientists, physicians, and athletic trainers evaluated the current literature regarding the prehospital care of EHS patients in secondary schools and developed this narrative review. When published research was nonexistent, expert opinion and experience guided the development of recommendations for implementing life-saving strategies. The group evaluated and further refined the action-oriented recommendations using the Delphi method.
Exertional heat stroke continues to be a leading cause of sudden death in young athletes and the physically active. This may be partly due to the numerous barriers and misconceptions about the best practice for diagnosing and treating patients with EHS. Exertional heat stroke is survivable if it is recognized early and appropriate measures are taken before patients are transported to hospitals for advanced medical care. Specifically, best practice for EHS evaluation and treatment includes early recognition of athletes with potential EHS, a rectal temperature measurement to confirm EHS, and cold-water immersion before transport to a hospital. With planning, communication, and persistence, clinicians can adopt these best-practice recommendations to aid in the recognition and treatment of patients with EHS in the secondary school setting.
首先，我们将更新关于中学环境下运动性热射病（EHS）患者院前管理和护理的建议。其次，我们提供行动项目，以帮助临床医生制定 EHS 的最佳实践文件和政策。第三，我们提供临床医生可用于在中学环境中实施 EHS 最佳实践的实用策略。
一个由科学家、医生和运动训练师组成的跨学科工作组评估了关于中学 EHS 患者院前护理的现有文献，并撰写了这篇叙述性综述。当缺乏已发表的研究时，专家意见和经验指导了制定实施救生策略的建议。该小组使用德尔菲法评估并进一步完善了面向行动的建议。
运动性热射病仍然是年轻运动员和体力活动者猝死的主要原因。这可能部分是由于对诊断和治疗 EHS 患者的最佳实践存在许多障碍和误解。如果及早识别并在患者被送往医院接受高级医疗护理之前采取适当措施，运动性热射病是可以存活的。具体来说，EHS 评估和治疗的最佳实践包括早期识别有潜在 EHS 的运动员、测量直肠温度以确认 EHS 以及在送往医院之前进行冷水浸泡。通过计划、沟通和坚持，临床医生可以采用这些最佳实践建议，以帮助识别和治疗中学环境中的 EHS 患者。
