Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 109240, Moscow, Ustyinsky proezd, 2/14, Russia.
Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 109240, Moscow, Ustyinsky proezd, 2/14, Russia; Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 115093, Moscow, Stremyannyy per.,36, Russia.
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2021 Mar;64:126687. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126687. Epub 2020 Nov 21.
The levels of a number of essential and toxic trace elements in organs and tissues are affected by the disruptions in body homeostasis caused by obesity. Some of these elements may also be influenced by the consumption of biologically active substances of polyphenolic origin, which possess potent abilities to complex with transition metal ions.
The aim of this study was to determine the content of essential and toxic trace elements in Wistar outbred and hereditary obese Zucker Lepr (Z) rats consuming a standard balanced diet or hypercaloric diet with excess fat and fructose, supplemented with quercetin or not supplemented.
Male Wistar and Z rats were fed a control AIN-93M-based semi-synthetic diet or a high-fat-high-carbohydrate diet (HFCD, with 30% fat by weight and 20% fructose provided in the drinking water). A portion of the animals in each line and diet group was administered quercetin at 50 mg/kg body weight. Essential trace elements were included in the diets as a high-purity salt mixture. After the termination of feeding on day 63, the livers, kidneys, and brains of the rats were excised and the content of 16 elements (Fe, Mg, Cu, Mn, Co, Se, Zn, Cr, Ni, Al, Cd, As, Pb, V, Cs, and Ag) was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
In the livers of the Z rats, the contents of Co, Zn, Mg, Fe, Se, and V were reduced and the content of Cr was increased compared to that of the Wistar rats. Supplementation with quercetin significantly decreased liver Fe, V, and Se content, which was more noticeable in the Wistar rats than in the Z rats. In kidneys of Z rats consuming control diet, the contents of Co, Cu, and Cs were decreased whereas those of Ni, Al, and Se were increased compared with the contents in the Wistar rats. The same trend was observed with HFCD feeding except for Cs content. Quercetin reduced kidney V content in both rat lines fed both diets, whereas it reduced Se and Cs only in the Z rats fed control diet. In the brains of the Z rats, a large increase was observed in some trace elements including Pb, Cd, Al, Cr, Ni, Fe, and V compared with the levels in the Wistar rat brains. Supplementation of the control diet with quercetin decreased Al and Ni in the brains of the Z rats.
There were significant differences in the mineral content of organs between the Wistar and Z rats, with different propensities for obesity. Moreover some of these effects had no straightforward association with decreased feed consumption or hepatic fat accumulation. When introduced into the diets, quercetin affected the content of essential and toxic elements, but with ambiguous physiological significance. Thus, indicators of essential and toxic trace elements deserve to be used in the protocols of preclinical as well as clinical trials of biologically active substances and food supplements.
肥胖引起的体内平衡紊乱会影响器官和组织中多种必需和有毒微量元素的水平。其中一些元素也可能受到生物活性多酚来源物质的消耗的影响，这些物质具有与过渡金属离子络合的强大能力。
本研究旨在确定食用标准平衡饮食或高卡路里饮食（高脂肪和果糖，补充或不补充槲皮素）的 Wistar 近交系和遗传性肥胖 Zucker Lepr（Z）大鼠的器官中必需和有毒微量元素的含量。
雄性 Wistar 和 Z 大鼠喂食基于 AIN-93M 的半合成饮食或高脂肪高碳水化合物饮食（HFCD，体重的 30%为脂肪，饮用水中提供 20%果糖）。在每个系和饮食组中，一部分动物给予 50mg/kg 体重的槲皮素。必需微量元素作为高纯盐混合物添加到饮食中。在第 63 天喂养结束时，切除大鼠的肝脏、肾脏和大脑，并通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测量 16 种元素（Fe、Mg、Cu、Mn、Co、Se、Zn、Cr、Ni、Al、Cd、As、Pb、V、Cs 和 Ag）的含量。
与 Wistar 大鼠相比，Z 大鼠的肝脏中 Co、Zn、Mg、Fe、Se 和 V 的含量降低，Cr 的含量增加。槲皮素补充显著降低了肝脏中铁、V 和 Se 的含量，在 Wistar 大鼠中比 Z 大鼠更为明显。在食用对照饮食的 Z 大鼠的肾脏中，Co、Cu 和 Cs 的含量降低，而 Ni、Al 和 Se 的含量增加。同样的趋势在喂食 HFCD 时也观察到，除了 Cs 含量。槲皮素降低了两种饮食喂养的大鼠的肾脏 V 含量，而仅降低了 Z 大鼠对照饮食喂养的肾脏 Se 和 Cs 含量。在 Z 大鼠的大脑中，与 Wistar 大鼠大脑中的水平相比，一些微量元素包括 Pb、Cd、Al、Cr、Ni、Fe 和 V 的含量大幅增加。槲皮素补充降低了 Z 大鼠对照饮食中大脑中的 Al 和 Ni。
Wistar 和 Z 大鼠之间的器官矿物质含量存在显著差异，肥胖的倾向也不同。此外，这些影响中的一些与饲料摄入量减少或肝脂肪堆积无关。当引入饮食时，槲皮素会影响必需和有毒元素的含量，但具有不明确的生理意义。因此，必需和有毒微量元素的指标值得在生物活性物质和膳食补充剂的临床前和临床试验方案中使用。
