Zheltova Anastasia A, Kharitonova Maria V, Iezhitsa Igor N, Serebryansky Eugeny P, Evsyukov Oleg Y, Spasov Alexander A, Skalny Anatoly V
Department of Pharmacology, Volgograd State Medical University, Pl. Pavshikh Bortsov, 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia; Department of Immunology and Allergology, Volgograd State Medical University, Pl. Pavshikh Bortsov, 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia.
Department of Pharmacology, Volgograd State Medical University, Pl. Pavshikh Bortsov, 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia; Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80 - 82/III, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2017 Jan;39:36-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.07.002. Epub 2016 Jul 12.
The aim of the present study was to assess whether dietary magnesium deficiency can alter distribution of macroelements and trace elements in different organs and tissues. Experiments were carried out on 12 adult female Wistar rats, which were fed either a diet with low Mg content (≤20mgkg of diet) (LMgD) or a diet with daily recommended Mg content (≈500mgkg) as control group (CG) for 70 days. On the 70th day of the experiment heart, aorta, femoral skeletal muscle, forebrain, cerebellum, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, ovaries, uterus, liver, kidneys, and spleen were taken for analysis of mineral content. Concentrations of Fe and Ca were measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, and levels of Na, K, Mg, Co, Cu, Zn, Ni, Se, I were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. On the 70th day, LMgD led to significant reduction of Mg level in red blood cells, plasma, aorta, uterus and thyroid gland compared to CG as well as resulted in significant decrease of Mg/Ca ratio in kidneys, spleen and ovaries. Contrary to this, an increase of Mg/Ca ratio was found in cerebellum of LMgD group. Significant decrease of K concentration was shown in aorta of LMgD animals compared to CG whereas myocardial K concentration was increased in LMgD group. Na level was two-fold higher in skeletal muscles of rats that received LMgD in comparison to CG (p=0.006). Increased concentrations of Fe in ovaries and uterus were found in LMgD. Mg restriction did not affect Zn concentration in any of tasted tissues. Se level was higher in spleen and lower in uterus of LMgD animals compared to CG. MgD was accompanied by increased level of Co in skeletal muscles and decreased its level in kidneys and uterus. LMgD feeding was associated with decreased concentrations of Ni in heart, thyroid gland, spleen, uterus and Co in heart, aorta, liver, kidneys, spleen and ovaries. The changes of Mg, K, Co content were accompanied by dramatic (10-fold) decrease of I concentration in aorta of LMgD animals. LMgD causes decrease of I content in ovaries and increase of I level in uterus vs CG. Thus, distribution of macroelements (Ca, Na, K) was weakly affected by Mg restriction that led to the most evident alterations of Co and Ni tissue levels. Moreover, mineral balance of uterus seems to be the most susceptible to low Mg intake. Hypomagnesaemia resulted in significant changes of 5 studied trace elements (Fe, Se, Cu, Ni and Co).
本研究的目的是评估膳食镁缺乏是否会改变不同器官和组织中常量元素和微量元素的分布。对12只成年雌性Wistar大鼠进行实验，将其分为两组，一组喂食低镁含量（≤20mg/kg饮食）的饮食（低镁饮食组，LMgD），另一组喂食每日推荐镁含量（≈500mg/kg）的饮食作为对照组（CG），持续70天。在实验的第70天，采集心脏、主动脉、股四头肌、前脑、小脑、垂体、甲状腺、卵巢、子宫、肝脏、肾脏和脾脏用于分析矿物质含量。通过电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测量铁和钙的浓度，通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定钠、钾、镁、钴、铜、锌、镍、硒、碘的水平。在第70天，与CG组相比，低镁饮食组导致红细胞、血浆、主动脉、子宫和甲状腺中的镁水平显著降低，同时肾脏、脾脏和卵巢中的镁/钙比值也显著下降。与此相反，在低镁饮食组的小脑中发现镁/钙比值增加。与CG组相比，低镁饮食组动物的主动脉中钾浓度显著降低，而低镁饮食组的心肌钾浓度增加。接受低镁饮食的大鼠骨骼肌中的钠水平是CG组的两倍（p = 0.006）。在低镁饮食组中，卵巢和子宫中的铁浓度增加。镁限制对任何测试组织中的锌浓度均无影响。与CG组相比，低镁饮食组动物的脾脏中硒水平较高，子宫中硒水平较低。镁缺乏伴随着骨骼肌中钴水平的升高以及肾脏和子宫中钴水平的降低。低镁饮食与心脏、甲状腺、脾脏、子宫中的镍浓度降低以及心脏、主动脉、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏和卵巢中的钴浓度降低有关。低镁饮食组动物主动脉中镁、钾、钴含量的变化伴随着碘浓度急剧（10倍）下降。与CG组相比，低镁饮食导致卵巢中碘含量降低，子宫中碘水平升高。因此，常量元素（钙、钠、钾）的分布受镁限制的影响较小，而镁限制导致钴和镍组织水平发生最明显的变化。此外，子宫的矿物质平衡似乎最易受到低镁摄入的影响。低镁血症导致5种研究的微量元素（铁、硒、铜、镍和钴）发生显著变化。
