Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
Kokoro Research Center, Uehiro Uehiro Research Division, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Dec 6;17(23):9113. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17239113.
Gender differences have been documented in the prevalence of psychological symptoms. Tic disorders and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are more common in male clinical samples, while selective mutism and trichotillomania are more common in female clinical samples. In a review of 84 published case studies of Japanese children, this study explored gender differences in the prevalence of four categories of symptoms and expressions made in therapy for tics, selective mutism, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and trichotillomania. Case studies were evaluated using both qualitative coding and statistical analysis. The findings were mostly consistent with epidemiological surveys and empirical research on adults. The gender differences in symptom prevalence and their expression could be summarized as differences in more direct aggression for boys versus indirect aggression for girls. The objective and progress in the therapy were to control impulsive energy for boys and to express energy for girls.
性别差异在心理症状的患病率中已有记载。在男性临床样本中，抽动障碍和自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）更为常见，而选择性缄默症和拔毛癖则更为常见于女性临床样本。在对 84 项日本儿童发表的病例研究的综述中，本研究探讨了在抽动症、选择性缄默症、自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和拔毛癖的治疗中四类症状和表达的患病率方面的性别差异。使用定性编码和统计分析对病例研究进行了评估。研究结果与流行病学调查和成人的实证研究大多一致。症状患病率和表达方式的性别差异可以概括为男孩更直接的攻击性与女孩更间接的攻击性的差异。治疗的目标和进展是控制男孩的冲动能量，表达女孩的能量。
