From the Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2020 Dec 8;8(1). doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000921. Print 2021 Jan.
Chitinases are hydrolytic enzymes widely distributed in nature. Despite their physiologic and pathophysiologic roles are not well understood, chitinases are emerging as biomarkers in a broad range of neurologic disorders, where in many cases, protein levels measured in the CSF have been shown to correlate with disease activity and progression. In this review, we will summarize the structural features of human chitinases and chitinase-like proteins and their potential physiologic and pathologic functions in the CNS. We will also review existing evidence for the role of chitinases and chitinase-like proteins as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in inflammatory, neurodegenerative diseases, and psychiatric disorders. Finally, we will comment on future perspectives of chitinase studies in neurologic conditions.
几丁质酶是广泛存在于自然界中的水解酶。尽管它们的生理和病理作用尚未得到很好的理解，但几丁质酶正在成为广泛的神经紊乱疾病的生物标志物，在许多情况下，脑脊液中测量的蛋白质水平与疾病的活动和进展相关。在这篇综述中，我们将总结人类几丁质酶和几丁质酶样蛋白的结构特征及其在中枢神经系统中的潜在生理和病理功能。我们还将回顾现有的证据，证明几丁质酶和几丁质酶样蛋白作为炎症性、神经退行性疾病和精神障碍的诊断和预后生物标志物的作用。最后，我们将评论几丁质酶在神经疾病中的研究的未来展望。
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