Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv 400, Bulgaria.
Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria.
Rev Neurosci. 2020 Jul 28;31(5):539-553. doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0100.
Neurodegenerative diseases comprise a large number of disorders with high impact on human health. Neurodegenerative processes are caused by various etiological factors and differ in their clinical presentation. Neuroinflammation is widely discussed as both a cause and a consequence in the manifestation of these disorders. The interplay between the two entities is considered as a major contributor to the ongoing disease progression. An attentive search and implementation of new and reliable markers specific for the processes of inflammation and degeneration is still needed. YKL-40 is a secreted glycoprotein produced by activated glial cells during neuroinflammation. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE), expressed mainly by neuronal cells, is a long-standing marker for neuronal damage. The aim of this review is to summarize, clarify, and evaluate the potential significance and relationship between YKL-40 and NSE as biomarkers in the monitoring and prognosis of a set of neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis. YKL-40 appears to be a more reliable biomarker in neurological diseases than NSE. The more prominent expression pattern of YKL-40 could be explained with the more obvious involvement of glial cells in pathological processes accompanying each neurodegenerative disease, whereas reduced NSE levels are likely related to low metabolic activity and increased death of neurons.
神经退行性疾病包括许多对人类健康有重大影响的疾病。神经退行性过程是由各种病因因素引起的，其临床表现也各不相同。神经炎症被广泛认为是这些疾病发生的原因和后果。这两个实体之间的相互作用被认为是疾病进展的主要原因。因此，仍需要积极寻找和应用新的、可靠的、针对炎症和退行性过程的标志物。YKL-40 是一种在神经炎症过程中由活化的神经胶质细胞产生的分泌型糖蛋白。神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）主要由神经元细胞表达，是神经元损伤的长期标志物。本综述的目的是总结、阐明和评估 YKL-40 和 NSE 作为一组神经疾病（如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨廷顿病和多发性硬化症）的监测和预后的潜在意义和关系。YKL-40 似乎比 NSE 更能作为神经疾病的可靠生物标志物。YKL-40 更明显的表达模式可以用伴随每种神经退行性疾病的病理过程中神经胶质细胞更明显的参与来解释，而 NSE 水平降低可能与神经元代谢活性降低和死亡增加有关。
