Alexandre Hermine, Truffaut Laura, Klein Etienne, Ducousso Alexis, Chancerel Emilie, Lesur Isabelle, Dencausse Benjamin, Louvet Jean-Marc, Nepveu Gérard, Torres-Ruiz José M, Lagane Frédéric, Musch Brigitte, Delzon Sylvain, Kremer Antoine
INRAE University of Bordeaux BIOGECO Cestas France.
INRAE BIOSP, Site Agroparc Avignon France.
Evol Appl. 2020 Aug 14;13(10):2772-2790. doi: 10.1111/eva.13082. eCollection 2020 Dec.
Most existing forests are subjected to natural and human-mediated selection pressures, which have increased due to climate change and the increasing needs of human societies for wood, fibre and fuel resources. It remains largely unknown how these pressures trigger evolutionary changes. We address this issue here for temperate European oaks ( and ), which grow in mixed stands, under even-aged management regimes. We screened numerous functional traits for univariate selection gradients and for expected and observed genetic changes over two successive generations. In both species, growth, leaf morphology and physiology, and defence-related traits displayed significant selection gradients and predicted shifts, whereas phenology, water metabolism, structure and resilience-related traits did not. However, the direction of the selection response and the potential for adaptive evolution differed between the two species. had a much larger phenotypic and genetic variance of fitness than . This difference raises concerns about the adaptive response of to contemporary selection pressures. Our investigations suggest that will probably decline steadily, particularly in mixed stands with , consistent with the contrasting demographic dynamics of the two species.
大多数现存森林都受到自然和人类介导的选择压力影响，由于气候变化以及人类社会对木材、纤维和燃料资源需求的增加，这些压力有所上升。目前很大程度上尚不清楚这些压力如何引发进化变化。我们在此针对生长在混交林中、处于同龄经营模式下的欧洲温带栎树（和）来探讨这一问题。我们筛选了众多功能性状，以研究单变量选择梯度以及连续两代预期和观察到的遗传变化。在这两个物种中，生长、叶片形态与生理以及与防御相关的性状均呈现出显著的选择梯度和预测变化，而物候、水分代谢、结构和恢复力相关的性状则未出现此类情况。然而，两个物种之间选择响应的方向以及适应性进化的潜力有所不同。的适合度表型和遗传方差比大得多。这种差异引发了人们对适应当代选择压力的担忧。我们的研究表明，可能会持续稳步下降，尤其是在与混交的林分中，这与两个物种截然不同的种群动态相一致。
