Madrid Ramón Soto, Sychra Oldřich, Benedick Suzan, Edwards David P, Efeykin Boris D, Fandrem Marte, Haugaasen Torbjørn, Teterina Anastasia, Tomassi Suzanne, Tolstenkov Oleg
Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway.
Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic.
Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2020 Nov 14;13:231-247. doi: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.10.011. eCollection 2020 Dec.
The tropical rainforests of Sundaland are a global biodiversity hotspot increasingly threatened by human activities. While parasitic insects are an important component of the ecosystem, their diversity and parasite-host relations are poorly understood in the tropics. We investigated parasites of passerine birds, the chewing lice of the speciose genus Waterston, 1915 (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) in a natural rainforest community of Malaysian Borneo. Based on morphology, we registered 10 species of lice from 14 bird species of six different host families. This indicated a high degree of host specificity and that the complexity of the system could be underestimated with the potential for cryptic lineages/species to be present. We tested the species boundaries by combining morphological, genetic and host speciation diversity. The phylogenetic relationships of lice were investigated by analyzing the partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I () and the nuclear elongation factor alpha () genes sequences of the species. This revealed a monophyletic group of lineages from seven hosts of the avian family Pycnonotidae, one host of Timaliidae and one host of Pellorneidae. However, species delimitation methods supported the species boundaries hypothesized by morphological studies and confirmed that four species of are not single host specific. Cophylogenetic analysis by both distance-based test ParaFit and event-based method Jane confirmed overall congruence between the phylogenies of and their hosts. In total we recorded three cospeciation events for 14 host-parasite associations. However only one host-parasite link ( and their hosts and was significant after the multiple testing correction in ParaFit. Four new species are described: ex and , ex , ex , and ex. .
巽他大陆的热带雨林是一个全球生物多样性热点地区，正日益受到人类活动的威胁。虽然寄生昆虫是生态系统的重要组成部分，但在热带地区，它们的多样性以及寄生虫与宿主的关系却鲜为人知。我们在马来西亚婆罗洲的一个天然雨林群落中，对雀形目鸟类的寄生虫——1915年沃特斯顿属（Phthiraptera: Menoponidae）的咀嚼虱进行了调查。基于形态学，我们从六个不同宿主科的14种鸟类中记录了10种虱子。这表明宿主特异性程度很高，而且该系统的复杂性可能被低估，因为可能存在隐性谱系/物种。我们通过结合形态学、遗传学和宿主物种形成多样性来测试物种界限。通过分析该物种的部分线粒体细胞色素氧化酶I（）和核延伸因子α（）基因序列，研究了虱子的系统发育关系。这揭示了一个单系类群，包括来自雀形科七个宿主、画眉科一个宿主和鹛科一个宿主的谱系。然而，物种界定方法支持形态学研究假设的物种界限，并证实沃特斯顿属的四个物种并非单一宿主特异性。基于距离的测试ParaFit和基于事件的方法Jane进行的共系统发育分析证实，沃特斯顿属及其宿主的系统发育总体上是一致的。我们总共记录了14个宿主 - 寄生虫关联中的三个共物种形成事件。然而，在ParaFit的多重检验校正后，只有一个宿主 - 寄生虫联系（沃特斯顿属及其宿主和）是显著的。描述了四个新物种：来自和的沃特斯顿属新种，来自的新种，来自的新种，以及来自的新种。
