Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani', University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy.
Genes (Basel). 2020 Dec 7;11(12):1465. doi: 10.3390/genes11121465.
The TDP1 (tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1) enzyme removes the non-specific covalent intermediates between topoisomerase I and DNA, thus playing a crucial role in preventing DNA damage. While mammals possess only one gene, in plants two genes ( and ) are present constituting a small gene subfamily. These display a different domain structure and appear to perform non-overlapping functions in the maintenance of genome integrity. Namely, the HIRAN domain identified in TDP1β is involved in the interaction with DNA during the recognition of stalled replication forks. The availability of transcriptomic databases in a growing variety of experimental systems provides new opportunities to fill the current gaps of knowledge concerning the evolutionary origin and the specialized roles of genes in plants. Whereas a phylogenetic approach has been used to track the evolution of plant TDP1 protein, transcriptomic data from a selection of representative lycophyte, eudicots, and monocots have been implemented to explore the transcriptomic dynamics in different tissues and a variety of biotic and abiotic stress conditions. While the phylogenetic analysis indicates that TDP1α is of non-plant origin and TDP1β is plant-specific originating in ancient vascular plants, the gene expression data mining comparative analysis pinpoints for tissue- and stress-specific responses.
TDP1（酪氨酸-DNA 磷酸二酯酶 1）酶去除拓扑异构酶 I 和 DNA 之间的非特异性共价中间产物，从而在防止 DNA 损伤中发挥关键作用。哺乳动物只拥有一个基因，而在植物中则存在两个基因（和），构成一个小的基因亚家族。这些基因显示出不同的结构域，似乎在维持基因组完整性方面发挥着非重叠的功能。即，在 TDP1β 中鉴定出的 HIRAN 结构域参与了在识别停滞复制叉期间与 DNA 的相互作用。在越来越多的实验系统中，转录组数据库的可用性为填补有关植物基因的进化起源和特定功能的当前知识空白提供了新的机会。虽然已经使用系统发育方法来追踪植物 TDP1 蛋白的进化，但已经实施了来自选定石松类、真双子叶植物和单子叶植物的转录组数据，以探索不同组织和多种生物和非生物胁迫条件下的转录组动态。虽然系统发育分析表明 TDP1α 不是植物起源的，而 TDP1β 是植物特有的，起源于古老的维管植物，但基因表达数据挖掘的比较分析指出了组织和应激特异性反应。
