Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.
Department of Molecular Biology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
Drug Chem Toxicol. 2022 Jul;45(4):1660-1669. doi: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1853765. Epub 2020 Dec 9.
Nano-titanium nitride (Nano-TiN) has strong resistance to wear and corrosion, good biocompatibility, and an attractive metallic luster. Nano-TiN is widely used in medical devices, such as orthopedic implants, syringe needles, coronary stents, and long-term dental implants, and also in imitation gold jewelry. Despite its widespread use, there are few reports describing safety evaluations of Nano-TiN. Here, we exposed healthy zebrafish embryos to different concentrations of Nano-TiN solution for five days, starting at about four hours post fertilization, and found that Nano-TiN caused dose- and time-dependent developmental toxicity. With increasing Nano-TiN concentration and length of exposure, mortality, and deformities gradually increased; body length shortened and hatching rate and motility were significantly reduced. We also found that exposure to Nano-TiN affected development of the heart, liver, nerves, and other organs, and led to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and reduced antioxidant capacity. Exposure to Nano-TiN resulted in downregulation of expression of antioxidant genes, such as , , , , and . Our results showed that exposure to Nano-TiN caused developmental and organ toxicity in zebrafish embryos and that the toxic effects may be mediated through oxidative stress.
纳米氮化钛（Nano-TiN）具有很强的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性、良好的生物相容性和诱人的金属光泽。纳米氮化钛广泛应用于医疗器械，如骨科植入物、注射器针头、冠状动脉支架和长期牙科植入物，也用于仿金首饰。尽管它的应用广泛，但很少有报道描述纳米氮化钛的安全性评估。在这里，我们从受精后约 4 小时开始，将健康的斑马鱼胚胎暴露在不同浓度的纳米氮化钛溶液中 5 天，发现纳米氮化钛会引起剂量和时间依赖性的发育毒性。随着纳米氮化钛浓度和暴露时间的增加，死亡率和畸形率逐渐增加；体长缩短，孵化率和运动能力显著降低。我们还发现，暴露于纳米氮化钛会影响心脏、肝脏、神经和其他器官的发育，并导致活性氧水平升高和抗氧化能力降低。暴露于纳米氮化钛会导致抗氧化基因如 、 、 、 和 的表达下调。我们的结果表明，暴露于纳米氮化钛会导致斑马鱼胚胎发育和器官毒性，并且这种毒性作用可能是通过氧化应激介导的。
