Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
J Agric Food Chem. 2020 Dec 23;68(51):15345-15357. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06039. Epub 2020 Dec 10.
Studies on the possible alternative supplements to breastmilk are gaining research interests. Although milk from cow, goat, and mare is nutritious, its effects on the relationship between the immune system, metabolites, and gut microbiota remain unclear. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effects of cow, goat, and mare milk on the immune system, metabolites, and gut microbiota of mice colonized by healthy infant feces using human milk as a standard. We examined the serum biochemistry parameters, immunity indicators, T cells, gut microbiota abundance, and metabolites. Results showed that the impact of human milk on alanine transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, total protein, globulin, and glucose values was different from the cow, goat, and mare milk types. The effects of mare milk on the percentage of CD4 T, Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells, and the levels of IL-2, IL-4, sIgA, and d-lactic acid in the serum of the human microbiota-associated mice were comparable to those of human milk. Also, bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that human milk enriched the relative abundance of and , cow milk increased the relative abundance of , goat milk increased the relative abundance of , and mare milk improved the relative abundance of . Besides, mare milk was similar to human milk in the concentration of the metabolites we analyzed. Our findings suggest that mare milk can positively modulate the gut microbiota and immunity status of infants and thus could be a possible replacement for human milk.
关于母乳的可能替代补充物的研究正在引起研究兴趣。尽管来自奶牛、山羊和母马的奶是有营养的，但它们对免疫系统、代谢物和肠道微生物群之间关系的影响仍不清楚。本研究旨在综合评估以人乳为标准，用健康婴儿粪便定植的小鼠中牛、山羊和母马乳对免疫系统、代谢物和肠道微生物群的影响。我们检查了血清生化参数、免疫指标、T 细胞、肠道微生物群丰度和代谢物。结果表明，人乳对丙氨酸氨基转移酶、谷草转氨酶、总蛋白、球蛋白和葡萄糖值的影响与牛、山羊和母马乳类型不同。母马乳对人微生物群相关小鼠 CD4+T、Th1、Th2、Th17 和 Treg 细胞百分比以及血清中 IL-2、IL-4、sIgA 和 d-乳酸水平的影响与人乳相当。此外，细菌 16S rRNA 基因序列分析显示，人乳富集了 和 的相对丰度，牛乳增加了 的相对丰度，山羊乳增加了 的相对丰度，而母马乳改善了 的相对丰度。此外，母马乳与人乳在我们分析的代谢物浓度方面相似。我们的研究结果表明，母马乳可以积极调节婴儿的肠道微生物群和免疫状态，因此可能是母乳的一种替代物。
