Laboratory of Social Pharmacy and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra.
History and Sociology of Science and Technology Group, Centre for 20 Century Interdisciplinary Studies.
Otol Neurotol. 2021 Jan;42(1):145-152. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000002809.
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Quinine, a cinchona bark-derived antimalarial alkaloid, is a known ototoxic. Isolated and named in 1820 by the French scientists Pierre-Joseph Pelletier and Joseph-Bienaimé Caventou, it has since been employed in the treatment of different maladies. Quinine was also recommended as a local anesthetic in surgical procedures in the early 20th century. This article aims to identify early ototoxicity reports regarding quinine and to investigate if quinine was previously used in otology as an anesthetic agent or as an actual therapy.
Historical review of medical and pharmaceutical literature from the 19th and 20th centuries in databases (PubMed; Web of Science), as well as medical books on ototoxic drugs, quinine, and therapies in otology.
The first identified reference of quinine ototoxicity was from 1824. Quinine also had a therapeutic role in otology and neurotology and was employed for its analgesic properties. It was used in Menière's disease, vertigo, otalgia, purulent otitis media, neuralgia of the plexus tympani, furuncles in the auditory canal, and herpes zoster in the auricle.
Quinine was acknowledged as an ototoxic drug in the 19th century. Quinine was used in several otologic disorders, both as an analgesic (for herpes zoster, otalgia) and as a therapeutic agent (Menière's disease, vertigo, purulent otitis media, furuncles in the auditory canal). This research demonstrates that, analogously to gentamicin, quinine was used in Menière's disease specifically due to its ototoxic effects.
目的/假设：奎宁是一种金鸡纳树皮衍生的抗疟生物碱，已知具有耳毒性。它于 1820 年由法国科学家皮埃尔-约瑟夫·佩尔蒂埃和约瑟夫-比安纳米·卡文图特分离并命名，此后被用于治疗各种疾病。奎宁在 20 世纪初也曾被推荐用于外科手术的局部麻醉。本文旨在确定早期有关奎宁耳毒性的报告，并调查奎宁以前是否在耳科学中用作麻醉剂或实际治疗药物。
在数据库（PubMed；Web of Science）以及有关耳毒性药物、奎宁和耳科学治疗的医学书籍中，对 19 世纪和 20 世纪的医学和药物文献进行历史回顾。
首次发现奎宁耳毒性的参考文献是在 1824 年。奎宁在耳科学和神经耳科学中也具有治疗作用，并因其镇痛特性而被使用。它用于梅尼埃病、眩晕、耳痛、化脓性中耳炎、耳鼓膜神经痛、外耳道疖和耳廓带状疱疹。
19 世纪时，奎宁被认为是一种耳毒性药物。奎宁被用于多种耳科疾病，既作为镇痛药（用于带状疱疹、耳痛），也作为治疗药物（梅尼埃病、眩晕、化脓性中耳炎、外耳道疖）。这项研究表明，与庆大霉素类似，奎宁在梅尼埃病中的应用正是基于其耳毒性作用。
