Carl W
Department of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263.
Semin Surg Oncol. 1986;2(4):187-99. doi: 10.1002/ssu.2980020402.
Many antineoplastic drugs in use now have cytotoxic side effects that also manifest in the oral cavity or influence dental management. Chemotherapeutic agents that have a high potential for precipitating oral mucosal damage and bone marrow depression are methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, daunorubicin, doxorubicin hydrochloride, 5-fluorouracil, bleomycin, nitrogen mustard, cytosine-arabinoside, 6-mercaptopurine, busulfan, and L-phenylalanine mustard. Mucositis may lead to neglected oral hygiene, which in turn may cause a chain reaction of local infections, bleeding, and septicemia in myelosuppressed patients. Preventive oral care before chemotherapy and active oral care during therapy are necessary for compromised patients. A protocol for oral care is described.
目前使用的许多抗肿瘤药物都有细胞毒性副作用，这些副作用也会在口腔中表现出来或影响牙科治疗。极有可能引发口腔黏膜损伤和骨髓抑制的化疗药物有甲氨蝶呤、环磷酰胺、柔红霉素、盐酸多柔比星、5-氟尿嘧啶、博来霉素、氮芥、阿糖胞苷、6-巯基嘌呤、白消安和苯丙氨酸氮芥。黏膜炎可能导致口腔卫生被忽视，进而可能在骨髓抑制患者中引发局部感染、出血和败血症的连锁反应。对于身体状况不佳的患者，化疗前进行预防性口腔护理以及治疗期间进行积极的口腔护理是必要的。本文描述了一份口腔护理方案。
