Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Feb 20;756:144145. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144145. Epub 2020 Nov 28.
A sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) is a device that harvests electrical energy from sediments rich in organic matter. SMFCs have been attracting increasing amounts of interest in environmental remediation, since they are capable of providing a clean and inexhaustible source of electron donors or acceptors and can be easily controlled by adjusting the electrochemical parameters. The microorganisms inhabiting sediments and the overlying water play a pivotal role in SMFCs. Since the SMFC is applied in an open environment rather than in an enclosed chamber, the effects of the environment on the microbes should be intense and the microbial community succession should be extremely complex. Thus, this review aims to provide an overview of the microorganisms in SMFCs, which few previous review papers have reported. In this study, the anodic and cathodic niches for the microorganisms in SMFCs are summarized, how the microbial population and community interact with the SMFC environment is discussed, a new microbial succession strategy called the electrode stimulation succession is proposed, and recent developments in the environmental functions of SMFCs are discussed from the perspective of microorganisms. Future studies are needed to investigate the electrode stimulation succession, the environmental function and the electron transfer mechanism in order to boost the application of SMFCs for power generation and environmental remediation.
沉积物微生物燃料电池（SMFC）是一种从富含有机物的沉积物中获取电能的装置。SMFC 在环境修复方面越来越受到关注，因为它们能够提供清洁且取之不尽的电子供体或受体源，并且可以通过调整电化学参数来轻松控制。栖息在沉积物和上覆水中的微生物在 SMFC 中起着关键作用。由于 SMFC 应用于开放环境而不是封闭室中，因此环境对微生物的影响应该是强烈的，微生物群落演替应该是极其复杂的。因此，本综述旨在概述 SMFC 中的微生物，而之前很少有综述论文对此进行过报道。在本研究中，总结了 SMFC 中微生物的阳极和阴极小生境，讨论了微生物种群和群落如何与 SMFC 环境相互作用，提出了一种称为电极刺激演替的新微生物演替策略，并从微生物角度讨论了 SMFC 环境功能的最新发展。为了促进 SMFC 在发电和环境修复方面的应用，需要进一步研究电极刺激演替、环境功能和电子转移机制。
