Mindlin Sofia, Beletsky Alexey, Rakitin Andrey, Mardanov Andrey, Petrova Mayya
Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia.
Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Nov 13;11:588410. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.588410. eCollection 2020.
Bacteria of the genus , with their numerous species common in various habitats, play a significant role as pathogens. Their ability to adapt to different living conditions is largely due to the presence of numerous plasmids containing the necessary adaptive genes. At the same time the diversity of plasmids and their evolutionary dynamics have not been sufficiently studied. Here, we characterized 44 plasmids isolated from five permafrost strains, examined their relationship with plasmids of modern strains and identified groups of related plasmids. For this purpose, we have developed a combined approach for classifying all known plasmids. The classification took into account the size of plasmids, the presence and structure of the and genes, as well as the structure of their backbone and accessory regions. Based on the analysis, 19 major groups (lineages) of plasmids were identified, of which more than half were small plasmids. The plasmids of each group have common features of the organization of the backbone region with a DNA identity level of at least 80%. In addition, plasmids of the same group have similarities in the organization of accessory regions. We also described a number of plasmids with a unique structure. The presence of plasmids in clinical strains that are closely related to those of environmental permafrost strains provides evidence of the origin of the former from the latter.
某属细菌及其众多在各种栖息地常见的物种作为病原体发挥着重要作用。它们适应不同生活条件的能力很大程度上归因于存在众多含有必要适应性基因的质粒。与此同时，质粒的多样性及其进化动态尚未得到充分研究。在这里，我们对从五株多年冻土菌株中分离出的44个质粒进行了表征，研究了它们与现代菌株质粒的关系，并确定了相关质粒组。为此，我们开发了一种对所有已知该属质粒进行分类的综合方法。分类考虑了质粒的大小、该属和其他相关基因的存在与结构，以及它们骨干区域和辅助区域的结构。基于分析，确定了19个主要的质粒组（谱系），其中一半以上是小质粒。每组质粒在骨干区域的组织上具有共同特征，DNA同一性水平至少为80%。此外，同一组的质粒在辅助区域的组织上具有相似性。我们还描述了一些具有独特结构的质粒。临床菌株中与环境多年冻土菌株密切相关的质粒的存在为前者起源于后者提供了证据。
