Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, United States of America.
Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, United States of America.
Eat Behav. 2021 Jan;40:101460. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101460. Epub 2020 Nov 25.
This cross-sectional study investigated associations between cognitive dietary restraint (CDR), energy, macronutrient and food group intake, menstrual function, and bone density in female adolescent endurance runners. Participants were forty female adolescent endurance runners. The independent variable was CDR, as assessed by the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ). Runners with CDR subscale scores ≥11 were classified with elevated CDR. The main outcomes measured were dietary intake measured by 24-hour recall for 7 days, menstrual history, and bone mineral density (BMD). Twelve of 40 participants (30.0%) met criteria for elevated CDR. Compared to runners with normal CDR, runners with elevated CDR scores reported consuming lower energy (kcal/kg/day) (37.5 ± 8.6 vs. 44.0 ± 9.6, p = 0.052), lower carbohydrate (g/kg/day) (5.3 ± 1.3 vs. 6.3 ± 1.3, p = 0.042), more fiber (g/day) (24.9 ± 6.7 vs. 20.0 ± 5.3, p = 0.018), more servings of fruit (3.3 ± 1.4 vs. 1.9 ± 1.2, p = 0.003), more servings of vegetables (2.7 ± 1.4 vs. 1.7 ± 0.7, p = 0.004), and fewer servings of grain (7.6 ± 2.4 vs. 9.8 ± 2.4, p = 0.009) per day. Runners with elevated CDR exhibited significantly lower lumbar spine BMD Z-scores (adjusting for BMI) (-0.78 ± 0.19 vs. -0.22 ± 0.12, p = 0.016) than runners with normal CDR. Menstrual history did not significantly differ based on CDR status. Elevated CDR may increase risk of dietary patterns associated with consuming inadequate levels of energy, key nutrients, and developing low BMD in endurance runners. Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01059968.
这项横断面研究调查了认知饮食限制（CDR）与能量、宏量营养素和食物组摄入、月经功能和女性青少年耐力跑者骨密度之间的关系。参与者为 40 名女性青少年耐力跑者。自变量是通过三因素饮食问卷（TFEQ）评估的 CDR。CDR 亚量表得分≥11 的跑步者被归类为 CDR 升高。主要测量的结果是通过 7 天 24 小时回忆测量的饮食摄入、月经史和骨矿物质密度（BMD）。40 名参与者中有 12 名（30.0%）符合 CDR 升高的标准。与 CDR 正常的跑步者相比，CDR 评分升高的跑步者报告摄入的能量（千卡/公斤/天）较低（37.5±8.6 与 44.0±9.6，p=0.052），碳水化合物（克/公斤/天）较低（5.3±1.3 与 6.3±1.3，p=0.042），纤维（克/天）较高（24.9±6.7 与 20.0±5.3，p=0.018），水果份数较多（3.3±1.4 与 1.9±1.2，p=0.003），蔬菜份数较多（2.7±1.4 与 1.7±0.7，p=0.004），谷物份数较少（7.6±2.4 与 9.8±2.4，p=0.009）。CDR 升高的跑步者腰椎 BMD Z 评分明显较低（调整 BMI 后）（-0.78±0.19 与-0.22±0.12，p=0.016），与 CDR 正常的跑步者相比。根据 CDR 状态，月经史没有显著差异。CDR 升高可能会增加与能量、关键营养素摄入不足和耐力跑者低 BMD 相关的饮食模式的风险。试验注册：ClinicalTrials.gov 标识符：NCT01059968。
