Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Campus Alegre. Alto Universitário, S/N, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo CEP: 29.500-000, Brazil.
Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro CEP: 28.013-602, Brazil.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Feb 20;756:143697. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143697. Epub 2020 Nov 23.
The rupture of Fundão Dam is considered one of the largest environmental disasters in Brazilian history and one of the largest in the world involving tailings dams. The present study analyzed the changes in metal concentrations in the dissolved, suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediment in the period just after (15 days) and six months after the dam rupture, together with the biological and cytogenotoxic effects, from the collapse site until the Doce River mouth in the Atlantic Ocean. After the dam rupture, the tailings were mainly transported as SPM. After six months, with the deposition, there was a decrease in metal concentrations in dissolved and SPM and increased levels were observed in the sediment. Cr, Ni, Cd and Hg levels in sediment were higher than the threshold effects level (TEL/NOAA), especially six months after the dam rupture. The water induced immediate negative biological effects at different levels of the trophic chain, together with Al, Fe, Mn and Zn accumulation in fish muscle. Both water and sediment also showed cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic effects. These data demonstrate the importance of long-term monitoring with abiotic and biotic parameters to clarify the impacts of mining tailings and can help to direct future monitoring programs.
丰当大坝溃坝被认为是巴西历史上乃至全球最大的环境灾难之一，涉及尾矿坝。本研究分析了溃坝后 15 天和 6 个月内，溶解态、悬浮颗粒物（SPM）和沉积物中金属浓度的变化，以及从溃坝点到大西洋多斯河河口的生物和细胞遗传毒性效应。大坝溃坝后，尾矿主要以 SPM 的形式输送。6 个月后，随着沉积物的沉积，溶解态和 SPM 中的金属浓度降低，而沉积物中的金属浓度升高。沉积层中的 Cr、Ni、Cd 和 Hg 含量高于阈值效应水平（TEL/NOAA），尤其是大坝溃坝 6 个月后。水对不同营养级的生物立即产生了负面影响，同时鱼类肌肉中也积累了 Al、Fe、Mn 和 Zn。水和沉积物也表现出细胞毒性、遗传毒性和致突变性。这些数据表明，需要对无生命和有生命的参数进行长期监测，以阐明采矿尾矿的影响，并有助于指导未来的监测计划。
